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© Samuel Haldane 2005-2006
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Spanish Words from English Words

English is full of words that end in -ate, which have verbal nouns in -ation. For a great many, Spanish has exact equivalents, which are a-verbs with infinitives in -ar. They have verbal nouns in -aci�n. To make a Spanish woird from the English word, keep the spelling the same, but change -ate to -ar and change -ation to -aci�n:

complicar 'complicate', complicaci�n 'complication'
crear 'create', creaci�n 'creation'
inflar 'inflate', inflaci�n 'inflation'

English also has many verbs that lack -ate, but still have verbal nouns in -ation. Often, you can make a Spanish verb just by adding -ar to the spelling of the English verb. Usually these English verbs end in silent e. Remove this before adding -ar:

imaginar 'imagine', imaginaci�n 'imagination'
inflamar 'inflame', inflamaci�n 'inflamation'

Where English has a word with -tion after a consonant, Spanish usually has an eqivalent with -ci�n:

acci�n 'action', construcci�n 'construction', consumpci�n 'consumption', destrucci�n 'destruction', elecci�n 'election, choice', interrupci�n 'interruption', intervenci�n 'intervention', producci�n 'production'

These English words have equivalent verbs ending in -t or in silent -e. The same verbs in Spanish have a verb root without t or e:

hacer 'act, do', construir 'construct', consumir 'consume', destruir 'destroy', elegir 'elect, choose', interrumpir 'interrupt', intervenir 'intervene', producir 'produce'

Unfortunately, the form of the verb stem can't always be predicted from the noun in -ci�n: hacer gains silent h, construir loses c, elegir changes c to g, and interrumpir gains m.

Note how a root ending in c or g has the 'soft' form of the letter (pronounced like z or j) when an ending like -er or -ir follows it. The same thing happens in a few English words: English production has c pronounced 'hard' like k, but English produce has c pronounced 'soft' like s.

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