Mountain- a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. A mountain is generally much higher and steeper than a hill, but there is considerable overlap, and usage often depends on local custom.
Intervention of Foreign Powers (1791-92)- Other countries such as Prussia and Austria intervene and try to stop the forming of the new government. They would rather have a monarch than a democracy.
Austria-Prussia Alliance- The Austrians and Prussians after being defeated separately by France, formed and alliance and marched on France. They were defeated by Napoleon.
France's Legislative Assembly declares war (April 20, 1792)- France declares war on Austria, Prussia and Sardinia. France also declares war against the Habsburgs.
The Legislative Assembly deposes King Louis XVI and calls for the election of the
National Convention (1792)
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity- The slogan of the French Revolution was Libert�, �galit�, fraternit�, ou la mort! (Freedom, equality, brotherhood or death!). This slogan outlived the revolution, later becoming the rallying cry of the activists, both militant and non-violent, who promote democracy or overthrow of oppressive governments.
Radical Takeover- The radical takeover that took place was the French Revolution. The ousting of the French king and queen and the replacement of the government.
Robespierre- one of the best known of the leaders of the French Revolution. He earned the nickname of "the Incorruptible" through his selfless devotion to the Revolution.
Danton- a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution. Born at Arcis-sur-Aube, in France, his family was respectable, though not wealthy.
Marat- a Swiss-born scientist and physician, who made much of his career in England, but is best known as a French Revolutionary. A member of the radical Jacobin faction during the French Revolution, he helped to launch the Reign of Terror.
sans-culottes- a term observers used, originally during the early years of the French Revolution, to refer to the ill-clad and ill-equipped volunteers of the Revolutionary army, and later generally to the ultrademocrats of the Revolution. The sans-culottes were for the most part members of the poorer classes, or leaders of the populace, but during the Reign of Terror, public functionaries and persons of good education styled themselves citoyens sans-culottes.
King Louis XVI is executed (1793)- The process spread over five days. On January 21, 1793, Louis was driven through troop-lined streets to the guillotine and decapitated.
The Reign of Terror begins (1793)
committee of public safety- set up by the National Convention on April 6, 1793, formed the de facto executive government of France during the Reign of Terror (1793 - 1794) of the French Revolution.
Jacobins- the most famous of the political clubs of the French Revolution, had its origin in the Club Breton, which formed at Versailles shortly after the opening of the Estates General in 1789. The Club became most famous as the principal focus of the Reign of Terror associated with Jacobin leaders such as Jean-Paul Marat and Robespierre.
Republic of virtue- a speech given by Maximilien Robespierre on February 5th, 1794. In it, Robespierre provided a comprehensive statement of his political theory while advocating the use of terror in defending democracy, which he equated with virtue.
Justification of extreme violence- The justification for extreme violence by the revolutionaries was that their monarch was uncaring and made bad decisions and he must die.
revolutionary tribunal- a court which was instituted in Paris by the Convention during the French Revolution for the trial of political offenders, and became one of the most powerful engines of the Terror. The news of the failure of the French arms in Belgium gave rise in Paris to popular movements on March 9 and 10, 1793, and on March 10, on the proposal of Danton, the Convention decreed that there should be established in Paris an extraordinary criminal tribunal, which received the official name of the Revolutionary Tribunal by a decree of October 20, 1793.
How many dead?- 17,000 with trial. 12,000 with trial. Thousands died in jail. 40,000 people died total.
The National Convention abolishes the monarchy (1792)