INFORMATIQUE MEDICALE

 

Precedemment, j'ai presente des ressources internautiques facilitant l'utilisation de la science medicale. Ces ressources concernent, particulierement, le formidable reseau d'informations qui est rendu possible avec l'utilisation du cerveau electronique et de l'internet. L'informatique medicale y va au dela. En bref l'infomatique medicale est cette science qui inclut:

  1. les reseaux d'informations medicales ou la science de la librairie medicale; un de ces reseaux est le PubMed, regi par le gouvernement americain, un autre le WebMD, dirige, en partie, par l'AMA, mais il en existe enormement, comme, par exemple, le reseau internautique de l'OMS publiant, par exemple, la classification internationale des maladies ou ICD et, en maintes fois, remanie ( ICD-9, ICD-10, etc.)
  2. le registre et l'organisation informatises des dossiers medicaux: diagnostics et procedures cliniques pour chaque patient; celui-ci est prive et est a la portee des cliniciens et des hopitaux dans chaque clinique et dans chaque hopital; neammoins, l'echange d'informations est possible entre ces cliniques et ces hopitaux; (tout ceci reclame l'installation d'un programme d'organisation de medicine clinique [medical clinic's organizer])
  3. l'appui apporte ou que peut apporter le cerveau electronique a la pratique journaliere du clinicien; c'est, outre ces deux premiers de la liste, l'application de la probabilite dans le diagnostic et la procedure, la connaissance des risques associes; c'est une intervention plus directe
  4. l'etude des possibilites d'ameliorer la pratique medicale ave l'utilisation des reseaux d'information et l'appui plus direct du cerveau electronique
  5. l'evolution de cette science elle-meme
  6. enfin ses rapports avec les autres sciences, en particluier la biologie, sa surspecialite qu'est la biotechnologie [page 1 et page 2], et la biochimie, sa surpecialite quest la biologie moleculaire [page 1, page 2 et page du Dr. Qualo ] ; cette derniere application de l'informatique medicale montre comment ces sciences elles peuvent etre utiles a la science medicale et, a un moindre degre, l'apport de celle-ci a celles-la.

Some of its branchs and applications are:

  1. Clinical Informatics: it is a sub-field of medical informatics. It focuses on computer applications that address medical data (collection, analysis, representation); it is designed to assist in the management and processing of data, information and knowledge to support the practice and delivery of clinical care; one sub-application or sub-branch is Electronic Medical Records which enables easy access and transfer of patient data (reserve a l'auteur). Another one is Evidence Based Medicine* which entails a system that provides information on appropriate treatment under certain patient conditions; with it a healthcare professional can look up whether his/her diagnosis is in line with scientific research and another advantage is that the data can be kept up-to-date (reserve a l'auteur).
  2. Consumer health informatics: it is the branch of medical informatics that analyses consumers’ needs for information, studies and implements methods of making information accessible to consumers, and models and integrates consumers’ preferences into medical information systems. it targets both healthy individuals and patients since both want to be informed on medical topics. It is often included in Telemedicine.
  3. Hospital information system (HIS), variously also called clinical information system (CIS): it is a comprehensive, integrated information system designed to manage the administrative, financial and clinical aspects of a hospital; this encompasses paper-based information processing as well as data processing machines; the aim of an HIS is to achieve the best possible support of patient care and administration by electronic data processing; it can be composed of of a large variety of sub-systems in medical specialties (e.g. Laboratory Information System, Radiology Information System or Imaging Informatics).
  4. Public health informatics: public health informatics is distinguished from healthcare informatics by emphasizing data about populations rather than that of individuals; the activities of public health informatics can be broadly divided into the collection, storage, and analysis of data of interest to the various activities of public health:
    1. collection and storage of vital statistics (birth and death records);
    2. collection of reports of communicable disease cases from a variety of sources: private doctors, public and private hospitals, and laboratories, used for infectious disease surveillance;
    3. display of infectious disease statistics and trends; collection of child immunization and lead screening information;
    4. daily collection and analysis of emergency room data to detect early evidence of biological threats;
    5. collection of hospital capacity information to allow for planning of responses in case of emergencies.
  5. Nursing informatics: it is the multidisciplinary scientific endeavor of analyzing, formalizing and modeling how nurses collect and manage data, process data into information and knowledge, make knowledge-based decisions and inferences for patient care, and use this empirical and experiential knowledge in order to broaden the scope and enhance the quality of their professional practice

In dealing with Medical Informatics, you have also to know about Ingenix, a wholly-owned subsidiary of UnitedHealth Group (UHG) that is a global healthcare information company founded in 1996 to develop, acquire, and integrate best-in-class healthcare information capabilities. At the heart of all BI activity at Ingenix/UHG is the Galaxy enterprise data warehouse (DW).

Ref.: Wikipedia encyclopedia; Wikimedia Foundation, Inc;

 

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* L'Evidence Based Medicine est cette medecine qui lie la clinique a l'universite

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