Indonesian
does not have any tense. The same form of the verb is used to indicate
the past, present and future. The intended tense is usually
clear from the context of the sentence. Indonesian is often called
a "contextual language", because similar words and constructions are used in a wide variety of
sentences. Differences in meaning are gleaned from the sentences' contexts.
Verbs
The verb is the key element in Indonesian sentence structure. The
following is a list of verbs that are commonly used:
mau (mow) = to want, will
suka (SOO-kah) = to like
bisa (BEE-sah) = to can, capable
dapat (DAH-paht) = to get, reach, attain
tahu (TAH-hoo) = to know
jadi (JAH-dee) = to become, happen
perlu (PEHR-loo) = to need
bicara (BEE-CHAH-rah) = to speak
Verbs of Motion
datang (DAH-tahng) = to come, to arrive
pergi (PEHR-gee) = to go
masuk (MAH-sook) = to go in, enter
keluar (KEH-looh-arh) = to go out, exit
pulang (POOH-lahng) = to go back, return (home, etc.)
ikut (EE-koot) = to accompany, go along with
mulai (MOO-lay) = to begin
berhenti (BEHR-hen-tee) = to stop
lari (LAH-ree) = to run, flee
duduk (DOO-dook) = to sit
jalan (JAH-lahn) = to travel, thoroughfare, road, street
jalan-jalan (JAH-lahn JAH-lahn) = to walk
Verbs of Action
bawa (BAH-wah) = to carry
taruh (TAH-roo) = to put, to place
beri (BEH-ree) = to give
terima (TEH-ree-mah) = to get, reach, attain
sewa (SEH-wah) = to rent
beli (BEH-lee) = to buy
naik (NAH-eek) = to ride, go up, climb
pakai (PAH-key) = to use
Word Order
The basic word order of Indonesian is very similar to English, (subject
+ verb + object + complement). For example:
- Saya mau pergi ke pantai = i want to go to the
beach
- apa yang akan kamu lakukan nanti malam? = what
will you do tonight?
There is one basic difference
with Indonesian sentence structure. In Indonesian, the subject or most
important noun is normally
placed at the beginning of the sentence. If the most important noun
of the sentence is also the object of the verb, then it is
placed first
and
the passive
form verb will often be used (a verb becomes passive when preceeded
with "di-"). For example:
- Taruh buku merah itu di sana = put the red book
over there
(lit: put-book-red-that-over-there)
- kamu mau makan apa untuk makan siang? = what do
you want to eat for lunch?
(lit: you-want-to-eat-what-for-lunch?)
- kamu suka jenis musik apa? = what kind of music
do you like?
(lit: you-like-kind-music-what?)
Additionally, the subject within a sentence is often implied
and not verbally communicated. For example:
- Mau minum? = do you want to drink?
(lit: want-drink?)
- Boleh tahu? = may I know?
(lit: may-know?)
- Ada masalah? = do you have any problems?
(lit: have-problems?)
- Mau beli? = do you want to buy?
(lit: want-buy?)
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Le Indonesian non ha tempores. Le mesme forma del verbo es utilisate pro indicar
le passato, presente e futuro. Le tempore significate es normalmente
clar per le contexto del discurso. Le Indonesian es sovente appellato
un "lingua contextual", proque parolas e constructiones similar es
utilisate in un grande quantitate de phrases. Le differentias de significato
es inferite ab le contextos del phrases.
Verbos
Le verbo es le elemento clave in le structura del phrase Indonesian. Un lista
de verbos communmente utilisate seque:
mau (mau) = voler
suka (suka) = placer
bisa (bisa) = poter, apte
dapat (dapat) = obtener, consequer
tahu (tahu) = saper
jadi (dZ-adi) = occurrer, devenir
perlu (pe4lu) = necessitar
bicara (bika4a) = parlar
Verbos de motion
datang (datang) = venir, arrivar
pergi (pe4gi) = ir
masuk (masuk) = entrar
keluar (kelua4) = exir
pulang (pulang) = retornar (al domo, etc.)
ikut (ikut) = accompaniar
mulai (mulaj) = initiar
berhenti (be4henti) = stoppar
lari (la4i) = currer
duduk (duduk) = seder
jalan (dZ-alan) = viagiar, percurrer stratas
jalan-jalan (dZ-alan dZ-alan) = camminar, ambular
Verbos de action
bawa (bawa) = portar, transportar
taruh (ta4u) = mitter, poner
beri (be4i) = dar
terima (te4ima) = prender, attinger
sewa (sewa) = prender in location
beli (beli) = comprar
naik (naik) = cavalcar, montar, scalar
pakai (pakai) = usar
Ordine del parolas
Le ordine basal del parolas
Indonesian es multo similar al Interlingua (subjecto +
verbo + objecto + complemento). Per exemplo:
- Saya mau pergi ke pantai = io vole ir al plagia
- apa yang akan kamu lakukan nanti malam? = que vole facer iste nocte?
Il ha un differentia basic in comparation al structura del phrases Indonesian.
In le Indonesian, le subjecto o le plus importante nomine es normalmente
poste al initio del phrase.
Si le plus importante nomine del phrase es
anque le objecto del verbo, tunc illo es poste prime e sovente le
forma passive del verbo
es usate
(un verbo devene passive quando es precedite per "di-"). Per exemplo:
- Taruh buku merah itu di sana = mitte le libro rubre
per illac
(lit: mitter-libro-rubre-illo-supra-illac)
- kamu mau makan apa untuk makan siang? = que tu vole mangiar a prandio?
(lit: tu-voler-mangiar-que-a-prandio?)
- kamu suka jenis musik apa? = que sorta de musica
tu ama?
(lit: tu-amar-sorta-musica-que?)
In plus, le subjecto in un phrase es sovente implicite e
non communicate verbalmente . Per exemplo:
- Mau minum? = vole tu biber?
(lit: voler-biber?)
- Boleh tahu? = pote io saper?
(lit: poter-saper?)
- Ada masalah? = ha tu qualque problemas?
(lit: haber-problemas?)
- Mau beli? = vole tu comprar?
(lit: voler-comprar?)
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