He's a rolling stone, and it's bred in the
bone;
He's a man who won't fit in.
The Men That Don’t Fit In
- Robert W. Service
Chapter 5
BIRTH HISTORY AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT
Birth
The risk factors associated with prenatal and
birth complications found in the backgrounds of some individuals with
ADD-type symptoms—factors unrelated to the genetically transmitted form of
ADD—were not part of my early history: poor maternal health, low birth
weight,[1] long labor, fetal distress, and other pre- and post-delivery
problems. My mother did not smoke,
drink alcoholic beverages, abuse drugs or suffer from pre-eclampsia during her
pregnancy.[2]
Born full-term in 1947, my vaginal delivery
occurred without any attending problems.
I weighed 6 lb. 14.5 oz. at birth—less than the average male birth
weight of 7.5 lb., but within the appropriate range for my gestational
age. I was 19 3/4 in.
long—three-quarters of an inch shorter than the average male baby was at that
time.[3] My 14-inch head circumference
was average.
I had no significant eating or sleep
pattern difficulties in early infancy.
I was bottle-fed, suffered only briefly from colic, and slept through
the night by two months of age. My temperament
was not problematic.
Physical and Mental
Development
By one year of age, I surpassed the
average height and weight for boys. At
23 lb. 13 oz., and 30 inches in height, I weighed 2 lb. 13 oz. more and was an
inch taller than the average one-year-old male. Through the age of five, my height reached the 80th percentile
for males; my weight attained the 90th percentile.
My developmental milestones were within
normal limits as shown in Table 3:
|
Activity |
My
Milestones |
Normal
Limits |
|
Crawled |
7.5 months |
6 - 8 months |
|
Walked |
12 months |
10 - 14 months |
|
Talked—few words |
18 months |
18 months |
Table 3
I was not a hyperactive child, my motor
activity level was average. Some of the
"soft signs" of impaired neurological functioning that vex persons
with ADD—such as difficulty with spatial orientation, laterality confusion,
clumsiness or accident proneness and poor penmanship (Barkley, 1997a)—were
part of my makeup. As a child, I had
difficulty distinguishing my right hand from my left hand (laterality confusion)
and specifying east from west (spatial orientation). My gross motor skills were only fair. I lacked the coordination of many of my male peers, especially in
sports. My hand-eye coordination and
fine motor skills were somewhat poor.
Like others with ADD, I preferred to print rather than write in cursive. My handwriting steadily worsened over the
years until it has finally become barely comprehensible. Now, I write with a computer whenever
possible.
[1]Low birth weight is a particularly critical factor related to
neurological and health problems in children (Hack, Klein, and Taylor,
1995). The rate of cerebral palsy
increases with low birth weight: 20% if
less than 1,000 grams; 14-17% for 1,000 to 1,500 grams; and 6-8% for 1,500 to
2,499 grams. The rate is less than 5%
for babies of normal birth weight.
Children of low birth weight as a group have lower intelligence. They have greater problems with motor
skills, inattention, conduct and withdrawn behavior. They are over-represented in special education programs. Finally, low birth weight children have more
eye, ear, nose and throat surgeries than normal birth weight kids.
[2]For a discussion of early risk factors, see Barkley, 1990, pp.
107-109.
[3]The average weight and height statistics of that era were published
by the Federal Old Line Insurance Company in Baby's First Years (no
date).