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Paper
8
The relationship
between the blood system and air pressure.
Ramin Amir mardfar
(1995)
The relationship between the blood system and air pressure.
We knew that there is a direct relation between the strength of blood
system and the largeness of animals’ bodies. In away that, the
greater the efficacy of blood system and the strength of the heart of
animal, the bigger the size of its body. Because, by increase of the
strength of blood system of the animal, it can over come the gravity
easily and makes the blood to go higher and make its body larger.
But, there is a question. How far the increasing of the increase of heart
and as a result the increase of its body's size, can be continued? If an
animal has a blood system with good efficacy and a strong heart, to what
extent can get longer and enhance its body’s size?
Assume that we have a water pump, and we want to draw water from a well.
The question is that: How much is the maximum depth, that we can draw
water by this pump from the well?
According to Aristotle, it was possible; it was possible to draw
the water by the pump from every depth. But the miners, who intended to
send the out of the mine, noticed that, they couldn’t draw the
water more than ten meters depth, even if they pump very hard. At the last
years of his life Galileo became interested to this subject, but he
couldn’t achieve a result, except for this result that the
nature hates vacuity, to some extent. He thought that if he use heavier
liquid, wills this amount decrease or not? But before practicing this, he
died. His student Torricelli examined this experience in 1644. They
conducted this examination with mercury, and they noticed that, they could
lift it up to 76cm only in vacuity. They justified this, with air pressure
and said that, the air around us have a pressure on the all the surfaces
of the earth, the value of which is steady on the earth, and this pressure
causes the coming up of the water from the well through pumping, and
because its strength is a clear amount, with what intensity we pump, it is
not possible to draw the water more than ten meters. (Of course now, in
deep wells float pumps are being used at the button of the wells and these
pumps do not suck the water upwards, but they push the water from down
ward.)
If we suppose the heart of animals like a water pump, we can
understand the importance of the air pressure around us. The heart has to
pump the blood from lower parts of body. The air interference in this
action, and when the heart dilates, it make a vacuity in itself, and the
air pressure, sends the blood toward the heart, by forcing on the surface
of the body. As we knew, the force of the air pressure is a certain
quantity, and the heart cannot lift up the blood from a certain amount, as
the water pump was not able to lift up the water more than 10 meters.
The blood is heavier than the water, and its density is 1.6, that is, so
ever strong is the heart, it is able to settle 6m above the ground. So we
that the maximum size of animal's body is interrelated with the amount of
air pressure. Blood system has more efficiency in less gravity and high
air pressure. So ever the strength of blood system is weaker; the animal
is less able to overcome the gravity and its size become smaller. Also, if
the animal has weak blood system, it has to live in a place that the air
pressure is high. So the birds that have strong blood system and advanced
respiratory system, can fly in high heights. Like Indian goose which flies
at 9000m of sea surface where the air pressure in one third of the air
pressure on the surface of sea. On earth, big mammals with strong blood
system are able to live in most of earth and, they are tall and have large
bodies. Reptiles, which have weaker hearts, can only lie on the ground.
When amphibious are newborn and have a weak 2-chambered hearts, live in
water, and when they obtain a strong and 3-chambered heart they can live
on earth but with small bodies. Fish can live in water with 2-chambered
heart, and it lies in the water.
The water is 800 times denser than the water and the pressure
inside the water are by far more than that of the air. In different depths
of water, the pressure is different, and for every 10m depth, one
atmosphere is added to the pressure of the water. In deep areas of water,
the pressure is very high, so we conclude that, the animals, which have
weaker blood system, should be survived in depths of water. So, Coelacanth
which is an primary fish, now it is able to live in very deep seas and if
we bring it to less deep waters it will die within a short time.
So, with this knowledge, we can understand the death of aquatic mammals,
like whales and dolphin, when they go out of wear. Although these animals
have lungs and are able to breathe in air, they can not live out of water,
because they can not live in low pressure. The pressure which existing in
the water is higher than the pressure out sides the water. So, whale or
dolphin is not able to live out of water.
We knew that the lower the density of blood, the easier and more it is
send to upper parts of the body. There are tow types of oxygen carriers in
blood of different animals, one is hemoglobin and the other one is
hemocyanin.
Molecule weight of hemoglobin is 67,000Ag and molecule weight of
hemocyanin is 4,000,000Ag. Vertebrates use hemoglobin, they can have large
bodies, but most of arthropods and mollusks use hemocynin, so it is
difficult for them to get larger, because their blood is heavier.
Past animals had big and heavy red cell in compare with today's
animals. In an amphibious which live in cave, and now it has been
declined, the diameter of red cells was 35-38 and their volume
was 1100�. While the red cells of todays amphibious is very
small. So, we conclude that in the past the gravity was low enough to
amphibious to move their heavy and big red cells upwards and survive.
But because of the increase of the gravity they are able to move
their small and light red cells. Also, largeness of the diameter of their
red cells shows that, the capillaries of previous animals had animals had
more diameter in compare with today's animals, so large cells were able to
pass through them. As we know, by increasing of the diameters of
capillaries the blood pressure lower. That is, previous animals had low
blood pressure in compare with today's animals. That is they were able to
reach to heights with their low blood pressure. So, we conclude that, at
that time the gravity was low enough to blood pressure to over come the
gravity and to move the blood to high parts.
Because of increase of gravity, the animals had to decrease their blood
heaviness and its components, so they had to narrow their capillaries to
take the blood upwards and reach it to high parts.
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