 ^
Diedon 22 February 1987: Andrew
Warhola “Andy Warhol” US filmmaker, Pop
artist, born on 06 August 1928. He said: “In the future everyone will
be famous for fifteen minutes.” But he was not “everyone”.
He an initiator and leading exponent of the Pop art movement of the 1960s
whose mass-produced art apotheosized the supposed banality of the commercial
culture of the United States. An adroit self-publicist, he projected a concept
of the artist as an impersonal, even vacuous, figure who is nevertheless
a successful celebrity, businessman, and social climber.
— Author of The Philosophy of Andy Warhol (1975), Portraits
of the Seventies (1979), Andy Warhol's Exposures (1979).
— Out of the tumultuous atmosphere of the 1960s came an artist who
became the icon of the free spirit. Andy Warhol introduced the world, and
particularly the artistically fertile US, to the idea of life as an art.
Gone were the days of portraiture and classical sculpture — this was
the era of the movie star, the celebrity, and consumerism. Warhol looked
at the life surrounding him and portrayed it on his canvases and in his
films, stating that "if you want to know all about Andy Warhol, just look
at the surface of my paintings and films and me, and there I am. There's
nothing behind it." Yet, to critics, the most intriguing aspect of Warhol
was his private life, an indefinable mixture of artistic creativity, mystery,
and sexual scandal. It is this very inexpressibility that comes through
in the artist's work, giving Warhol an aura of cool acceptability and ambiguity.
Born Andrew Warhola on August 6, 1928, Warhol was one of three boys in a
Czechoslovakian immigrant working-class family. Growing up during the Great
Depression in Forest City, Pennsylvania, Warhol faced an unstable household,
further complicated by the death of his father in 1942. Three years later,
Warhol dropped out of high school and enrolled at the Carnegie Institute
of Technology in Pittsburgh, where he received his BA in pictorial design
in 1949.
After graduation, Warhol moved to New York,
living in a coed basement apartment. He was a strange one to the others,
being very quiet, young, and having an unusually white pallor. Angry with
Warhol for not speaking to her, one of the female occupants of the apartment
once threw an egg at him, which hit him in the head. The quiet young artist
spent most of his time drawing and taking his work around to agencies in
a brown paper bag, as he did not have enough funds for a portfolio. Intrigued
by the odd character who walked into her office holding a brown paper bag,
Glamor art director Tina Fredericks commissioned Warhol to design shoes,
inadvertently launching him into the world of commercial arts. Gaining the
attention of exclusive shoe store I. Miller, Warhol was soon offered an
appointment in their art department. In 1949, Warhol changed the spelling
of his name because of a credit that mistakenly read "Drawings by Warhol"
for the article "Success is a Job in New York". Around this time, his eyes
began to bother him, and Tina Fredericks urged him to go to an oculist.
Having been told he had "lazy eyes," Warhol wore opaque glasses that had
a tiny pinhole for him to see through — these became his signature
accessory, even though they were hideous. Warhol dyed his hair a distinct
silver, showing a flair for the dramatic that set him apart from other artists.
With the name change and his position in
the commercial field, the intrepid artist soon created a niche for himself,
becoming known for his exploration of the shoe as a reflection of the person.
Warhol captured the essence of various people in his shoes, creating the
likeness of celebrities and friends on paper. It did not matter if the shoe
features were in the right places — I. Miller loved his drawings. He
received the Art Directors' Club Medal for his shoe designs in 1957. Earlier,
in 1952, the artist had his first solo exhibition, showing pictures drawn
for Truman Capote's short stories; unfortunately, the exhibit did not make
much of an impact in the art world. By this time however, Warhol had an
agent, Fritzie Miller, who got him contracts with big magazines such as
Vogue and Harper's Bazaar. He worked with Eugene Moore to create window
displays for Bonwit's, a department store. The introspective artist, who
wore only old clothes, radiated a charm and mystery in both his manner and
work that began to be noticed by people in the business. During this period
of development in his life, Warhol came into contact with other cultures,
both local and abroad, that were to have an influence on his later artwork.
In the mid-1950s, he was part of a theater crowd that focused primarily
on the plays of Franz Kafka and Bertolt Brecht; Warhol especially admired
Brecht's idea of realism and would later apply the philosophy to his work.
Influences from abroad came through his six-week tour of Europe and Asia,
where he began his own collection of modern art, buying works from artists
such as Joan Miró and Larry Rivers.
In the 1960s, Andy Warhol combined all of
these early influences and experiences into a style that was distinctly
his own and yet allowed others to be involved in the creative process. This
came to be known in art history as American Pop art, a movement against
the "original" as the bastion of the elite. Warhol's outlook on artwork
focused not on the end result, the "original work of art," but on the creative
processes that produced the work of art. Reflecting this philosophy was
the artist's use of the silk-screen, a process that allowed multiple identical
images to be produced by anyone: Warhol liked to have his friends create
prints using his silk-screens. Most of Warhol's creative work at this time
took place in his studio, which he called "the Factory". This work, done
between 1962 and 1964, ranged from portraits of friends and celebrities
to car crashes to electric chairs to consumer products. Perhaps the most
famous of his Factory work — consumer product images of Campbell's
Soup, Brillo boxes, green stamps, and Coca-Cola — distinctly point
to Warhol's fascination with the US's growing identification with brand-name
labels. In 1962 Warhol had his first show in the Stable Gallery. It was
a huge success, widely reported in the press and fully sold out. His paintings,
manufactured in the Factory, were bought almost as soon as they were shown.
[Gullible] people stood in lines at exhibit openings to look at his work.
A trendsetter, Warhol and his work were definitely a hot commodity. But
in 1965, Warhol declared Pop art "dead" and decided to retire from painting;
his last gallery exhibition at Leo Castelli in 1966 consisted of Cow
Wallpaper and Silver Clouds.
From 1966 onward, Andy Warhol concentrated
on making films, initially intent on studying the lives of the people surrounding
him. The first films for which he gained recognition were shot between 1963
and 1964, a total of eight hours, with the titles of Sleep, Kiss, Haircut,
Eat, Blow Job, and Empire. Awarded the Independent Film Award
by Film Culture, this series of films translated Warhol's philosophy on
painting to the screen: the focus was not on the finished product (indeed,
most of these films could never be mass-marketed [meaning they were flops?]),
but on the creative [?] processes that went into the work. Just as Warhol
emphasized the fact that others could use his silk-screens. and create paintings,
so his films underscore the truth that anybody could take subjects and film
them. Not only could the subjects be ordinary people, but Warhol also made
this often-quoted prediction: "In the future everybody will be world-famous
for fifteen minutes." Those made famous in Warhol's pictures included Baby
Jane Holzer, Edie Sedgwick, Nico, Ingrid Superstar, Ultra Violet, and Viva.
Warhol began working with a rock band called
The Velvet Underground in 1965, introducing them to the chanteuse Nico;
to the music of the band he orchestrated an interactive show consisting
of images and lights and called it The Exploding Plastic Inevitable.
The mixed media showcase created an international sensation when it opened
at the DOM nightclub in New York City. It was an onslaught on the senses,
and it described in music and art the feeling of the young US. Much has
been speculated about Andy Warhol's sex life. He featured both men and women
in his artistic endeavors, and his entourage was a mingling of the two sexes.
Most people tend to think Warhol was gay, and he did have boyfriends. However,
it is a mystery as to whether or not he actually was intimate with these
men; Warhol's attitude was more asexual than homosexual.
On 03 June 1968, Valerie Solanas, the mentally
unstable founding member of SCUM (Society for Cutting Up Men), shot Andy
Warhol two times in the stomach; she had mistaken him for a kind of god,
telling police that "he had too much control over my life." Warhol spent
two months in the hospital recovering from the wounds. This shooting was
the inspiration for the 1996 film entitled I Shot Andy Warhol. In 1968,
Warhol tackled the next level in the artistic medium and wrote a novel called
a. a demonstrated the philosophy Warhol had expressed previously on canvas
and reel — it did not take an accomplished author to write a paper.
In order to prove his idea, Warhol recorded twenty-four hours of conversation
that occurred within the Factory and entitled it a. In 1969, he founded
the magazine inter/View, and in 1975 he published The Philosophy of Andy
Warhol: From A to B and Back Again. Warhol died in February of 1987 from
gall bladder surgery complications. For almost two decades, Andy Warhol
had maintained the position of an infamous media icon, notorious for his
parties and respected for his artistic taste; he backed young and upcoming
artists, lending his support to the development of modern art in the US.
He had lived for 58 years, helping to develop a new scene for US art and
a new ideology in the artist's lexicon. Andy Warhol's impact on the art
world cannot be overlooked, and his influence lingers to this day,
— "I'd prefer to remain a mystery. I never like to give my background
and, anyway, I make it all up different every time I'm asked." He was one
of the most enigmatic figures in US art. His work became the definitive
expression of a culture obsessed with images. He was surrounded by a coterie
of beautiful bohemians with names like Viva, Candy Darling, and Ultra Violet.
He held endless drug- and sex-filled parties, through which he never stopped
working. He single-handedly confounded the distinctions between high and
low art. His films are pivotal in the formation of contemporary experimental
art and pornography. He spent the final years of his life walking around
the posh neighborhoods of New York with a plastic bag full of hundred dollar
bills, buying jewelry and knicknacks . His name was Andy Warhol, and he
changed the nature of art forever. Andy Warhol's exact birth date is unknown,
though one can assume it is between 1927 and 1930. What is known is that
he was born to Czechoslovakian immigrant parents in Forest City, Pennsylvania.
He was a shy quiet boy, leaving high school to attend the Carnegie Institute
of Technology in Pittsburgh. He received his bachelors of fine arts degree
from there in 1949, and headed immediately to New York. In New York, Warhol
found design jobs in advertising. Before long he had begun specializing
in illustrations of shoes. His work appeared in Glamour, Vogue,
and Harper's Bazaar. In the mid-'50s he became the chief illustrator
for I. Miller Shoes, and in 1957 a shoe advertisement won him the Art Director's
Club Medal.
During this time, Warhol had also been working
on a series of pictures separate from the advertisements and illustrations.
It was this work that he considered his serious artistic endeavor. Though
the paintings retained much of the style of popular advertising, their motivation
was just the opposite. The most famous of the paintings of this time are
the thirty-two paintings of Campbell soup cans. With these paintings, and
other work that reproduced Coca-Cola bottles, Superman comics, and other
immediately recognizable popular images, Warhol was mirroring society's
obsessions. Where the main concern of advertising was to slip into the unconscious
and unrecognizably evoke a feeling of desire, Warhol's work was meant to
make the viewer actually stop and look at the images that had become invisible
in their familiarity. These ideas were similarly being dealt with by artists
such as Jasper
Johns, Roy Lichtenstein, and Robert
Rauschenberg — and came to be known as Pop Art [many people prefer
pop-tarts].
Throughout the late 1950s and 1960s, Warhol
produced work at an amazing rate. He embraced a mode of production similar
to that taken on by the industries he was mimicking, and referred to his
studio as "The Factory." The Factory was not only a production center for
Warhol's paintings, silk-screens, and sculptures, but also a central point
for the fast-paced high life of New York in the '60s. Warhol's obsession
with fame, youth, and personality drew the most wild and interesting people
to The Factory throughout the years. Among the regulars were Mick Jagger,
Martha
Graham, Lou
Reed, and Truman
Capote. For many, Warhol was a work of art in himself, reflecting back
the basic desires of an consumerist US culture. He saw fame as the pinnacle
of modern consumerism and reveled in it the way artists a hundred years
before reveled in the western landscape. His oft-repeated statement that
"every person will be world-famous for fifteen minutes" was an incredible
insight into the growing commodification of everyday life.
By the mid-'60s Warhol had become one of
the most [in]famous [so-called] artists in the world. He continued, however,
to baffle the critics with his aggressively groundbreaking work. Putting
aside much of the "pop" imagery, he concentrated on making films. His films,
as his paintings had been, were primarily concerned with getting the viewer
to look at something for longer than they otherwise would. Using film, Warhol
could control the viewer's attention. One of his most [in]famous films,
Sleep (1963), was eight hours [others say 6, but who can stay awake
long enough to tell?] of the poet John Giorno asleep in his bed. Warhol's
movement into film directing and production brought him into contact with
dozens of artists and actors interested in working in The Factory. One of
these was actress and writer Valerie Solanas, who had for some time been
trying to get Warhol to produce one of her scripts. In 1968, in anger at
Warhol's disinterest, Solanas (the founder and only member of S.C.U.M.,
the Society for Cutting Up Men), shot and nearly killed Warhol.
During Warhol's extended convalescence he
began to work on a new mode of art. Considered his "Post-Pop" period, the
images were primarily portraits of living superstars. Throughout the '70s
and '80s, Warhol produced hundreds of portraits, mostly in silk screen.
His images of Liza Minnelli, Jimmy Carter, Albert
Einstein, Elizabeth Taylor, and Philip
Johnson express a more subtle and expressionistic side of his work.
During the final years of his life, Warhol became the hero of another generation
of artists, including Keith Haring, Jean-Michel Basquiat, and Francesco
Clemente. Their work represents a continuation of an artistic [?] revolution
begun by Andy Warhol.
Warhol died of heart failure at his home
in New York. Many suggested it was a poorly performed minor surgery he had
had earlier that day, while others believed it was due to the general weakening
of his body after the shooting. What remains certain is that during the
sixty years of whirlwind and mystery that was Andy Warhol's life, the art
world (and the world at large) became a more fun and interesting place.
— Born in Pittsburgh of Czechoslovak immigrant parents. In 1954 he
left school with a high school diploma. Between 1945 and 1949 he studied
pictorial design and art history, sociology and psychology at the Carnegie
Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh. Met Philip Pearlstein and moved to
New York with him in 1949. He worked for Vogue and Harper's
Bazaar, did window displays for Bonwit Teller and his first advertisements
for I. Miller shoe company. In 1952 Warhol designed stage sets, dyed his
hair straw-blond and moved into a house in Lexington Avenue with his mother
and several cats. In 1954 he was in a collective exhibition at the Loft
Gallery, New York. In 1956 his Golden Shoes were exhibited. He
traveled in Europe and Asia. In 1960 he made his first pictures based on
comic-strips and company trade names. In 1962 he produced his silk-screen
prints on canvas of dollar notes, Campbell's Soup cans, Marilyn Monroe,
etc. He started his series of disaster pictures: Car Crash, Plane Crash,
Suicide, Tunafish Disaster and Electric Chair.
Between 1962 and 1964 he produced over 2000
pictures in his "Factory". In 1963 he made the movies Sleep (6
hours long, a great cure for insomnia) and Empire (8 hours long).
In 1964 his Flower Pictures were exhibited at the Galerie Sonnabend, Paris.
He was also forced for political reasons to paint over his Thirteen
Most Wanted Men which he had attached to the wall of the New York State
Pavilion for the World's Fair in New York. He made his first sculptures
with affixed silk-screen prints of company cartoons. In 1967 he produced
the first record of the rock band "the Velvet Underground" and between 1966
and 1968 made several films with them. His Cow Wallpaper and Silver
Pillows were shown at the Leo Castelli Gallery.
In 1968 he had an exhibition at the Moderna
Museet, Stockholm. In July 1968 Warhol was shot down, and dangerously wounded,
by Valerie Solanis, the only member of S.C.U.M. (The Society for Cutting
Up Men). In 1968 he brought out his novel "a", which consisted of telephone
calls recorded in his Factory. He made his first movie for the cinema, Flash,
with Paul Morissey, followed by Trash [a title that would be appropriate
for much of Warhol's work] in 1970. In 1969 appeared the first number of
the magazine Interview, which Warhol helped bring out. Between
1969 and 1972 he was commissioned to do a number of portraits. In 1972 he
showed at the the Kunstmuseum, Basle. The first edition of his book The
Philosophy of Andy Warhol (From A to B and Back Again) was published
in 1975. In 1980 Warhol became production manager of the cable TV station
"Andy Warhol's TV".
From 1982 to 1986 Warhol made pictures of
disasters. In 1982 he exhibited a series of oxidations and pictures of Nazi
architecture at the documenta "4" exhibition, Kassel. He exhibited Guns,
Knives, Crosses and Animals: Species at Risk. In 1986 he made
portraits of Lenin and self-portraits. In 1987 he died as a result of an
operation. Death Pictures was shown in 1988.
— Andy Warhol's media fame has often disguised the fact that he is
one of the most serious and important artists of the twentieth century.
He quite simply changed how we see the world around us and how we see art.
His work presents images of twentieth-century mass culture in a flat graphic
style that mimics deliberately common source material. He was one of the
first artists to recognize that art was being usurped by television, fashion
and film, and he began to deal with art in those terms. He fused image and
techniques of illustration and mechanical reproduction from his commercial
art background into his work. The first artist to have done so, he opened
the door for other artists to follow in his footsteps, among US Pop artists,
Warhol was the first and foremost.
In 1962, Warhol created the first of a series
of oversized Campbell's Soup cans. These paintings captured the imagination
of the media and the public in a way that no work by any of Warhol's contemporaries
had, and created worldwide recognition for this new US art, quickly labeled
Pop Art. It was condemned by many critics as consumerism, but was enthusiastically
received by the art public, particularly in Europe and Japan and other places
fascinated by Hollywood and all things from the US. Throughout his career,
Warhol remained true to the Pop technique and iconography which he defined
for himself. In the 1970s, while maintaining his own enviable celebrity
status, Warhol began exploring the dimensions of stardom. He created portraits
of hundreds of international celebrities: political figures, royalty, musicians,
and movie stars. He partied almost nightly with a glittering set of "beautiful
people" and found that he had the power to create "superstars" through his
art, films, Interview, or through mere association with the artist himself.
From the beginning, Warhol insisted on the power of the familiar, indeed
one of the main qualities of Warhol's images is their extreme obviousness:
the most famous brand names (Campbell's Soup, Coca-Cola), the most famous
people (Elvis, Marilyn Monroe), the most famous paintings (the Mona Lisa),
and the most famous objects (money, newspapers). Warhol's art teaches us
to accept our own present society, the late twentieth century, in all its
richness and triviality. Marcel Duchamp defined Dadaist "Ready-made" art
in 1913 when he displayed a sculpture consisting of a bicycle wheel upended
on a stool. Warhol understood the Dadaist's contempt for the traditional
notions of what constitutes a work of art, and their suggestion that the
essential factor in the creation of art is not necessarily skill but choice.
Duchamp was, not surprisingly, an admirer of Warhol's work as well. He summed
up our fascination and perplexity with Warhol by making the observation,
"What interests us is the concept that he wants to put fifty Campbell's
Soup cans on a canvas." It s, indeed, a concept that changed the way we
see art and how we see ourselves.
— Warhol was an initiator and leading exponent
of the Pop art movement of the 1960s whose mass-produced art apotheosized
the supposed banality of the commercial culture of the United States. An
adroit self-publicist, he projected a concept of the artist as an impersonal,
even vacuous, figure who is nevertheless a successful celebrity, businessman,
and social climber.
The son of Czechoslovak immigrants, Warhol
graduated from the Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, with a
degree in pictorial design in 1949. He then went to New York City, where
he worked as a commercial illustrator for about a decade. Warhol began painting
in the late 1950s and received sudden notoriety in 1962, when he exhibited
paintings of Campbell's soup cans, Coca-Cola bottles, and wooden replicas
of Brillo soap pad boxes.
By 1963 he was mass-producing these purposely
banal images of consumer goods by means of photographic silk screen prints,
and he then began printing endless variations of portraits of celebrities
in garish colors. The silk screen technique was ideally suited to Warhol,
for the repeated image was reduced to an insipid and dehumanized cultural
icon that reflected both the supposed emptiness of American material culture
and the artist's emotional noninvolvement with the practice of his art.
Warhol's work placed him in the forefront of the emerging Pop art movement
in the US.
Andy Warhol would become one of the most influential
artists of the latter part of the 20th century. He is born Andrew Warhola
in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
A frail and diminutive man with a shock of
silver-blond hair, Warhol was a major pioneer of the pop art movement of
the 1960s but later outgrew that role to become a cultural icon. Warhol
was the son of immigrants from Czechoslovakia, and his father was a coal
miner. For years, there was confusion as to his exact date and place of
birth because Warhol gave conflicting accounts of these details, probably
out of embarrassment of his provincial origins. "I'd prefer to remain a
mystery," he once said. "I never give my background and, anyway, I make
it all up different every time I'm asked." He enrolled in the Carnegie Institute
of Technology and graduated with a degree in pictorial design in 1949. That
year, he moved to New York City, where he found work as a commercial illustrator.
After being incorrectly credited as "Warhol" under an early published drawing,
he decided to permanently remove the "a" from his last name.
He began painting in the late 1950s and took
literally the advice of an art teacher who said he should paint the things
he liked. He liked ordinary things, such as comic strips, canned soup, and
soft drinks, and so he painted them. In 1962, he received notoriety in the
art world when his paintings of Campbell's soup cans, Coca-Cola bottles,
and wooden replicas of Brillo soap-pad boxes were exhibited in Los Angeles
and New York.
In 1963, he dispensed with the paintbrush
and began mass-producing images of consumer goods and celebrities like Marilyn
Monroe and Jackie Kennedy. These prints, accomplished through his use of
a silk-screen technique, displayed multiple versions of the same image in
garish colors and became his trademark. He was hailed as the leader of the
pop art movement, in which Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and others depicted
"popular" images such as a soup can or comic strip as a means of fusing
high and low culture and commenting on both.
Although shy and soft-spoken, Warhol attracted
dozens of followers who were anything but. This mob of underground artists,
social curiosities, and hangers-on operated out of the "Factory," Warhol's
silver-painted studio in Manhattan. In the mid-1960s, Warhol began making
experimental films, employing his friends as actors and billing them as
"superstars." Some of his films were monumental essays on boredom, such
as the eight-hour continuous shot of the Empire State Building in Empire
(1964), and others were gritty representations of underground life, like
The Chelsea Girls (1966). He also organized multimedia events such as "The
Exploding Plastic Inevitable" and sponsored the influential rock group the
Velvet Underground.
In 1968, Warhol was shot and nearly killed
by Valerie Solanis, a follower who claimed he was "exercising too much influence"
over her life. After more than a year of recuperation from his wounds, Warhol
returned to his career and founded Interview magazine, a publication
centered on his fascination with the cult of celebrity. He became a fixture
on the fashion and jet-set social scenes and was famous for pithy cultural
observations like, "In the future, everyone will be famous for 15 minutes."
Meanwhile, he continued to produce commercially successful silk-screen prints
of entertainment and political figures.
In the 1980s, after a period of relative
quiet in his career, he returned to the contemporary art scene as a mentor
and friend to a new generation of artists, including Keith Haring and Jean-Michel
Basquiat. With the rise of postmodern art, he came to be regarded as an
archetypal role model by many young artists. Warhol died in a hospital,
of a heart attack, shortly after a gall bladder operation. In 1994, the
Andy Warhol Museum, the largest single-artist museum in the United States,
opened in Pittsburgh.
—
LINKS
— Polaroid
Self~Portrait
— PICTORIAL
SATIRE OF WARHOL'S POLAROID SELF~PORTRAIT (believed to be by “Troudgair”,
or possibly by “Kriegsloch”, or even by “Bernardiendo
Roderironico Osvaldorado Minimaximiliano Artemístico Guerra y Agujero
de Nomedigas y Yabasta”, more commonly known as “Nombresinfin”)
— Do
It Yourself (Seascape) (1962)
— The
Souper Dress (1960)
— Liz
(1964, 56x56cm; 1/4 size, 30kb, there is not any more detail
to be seen by enlarging, but, if you want to prove it to yourself, ZOOM
to half~size, 98kb _ not convinced yet? then ZOOM+
to full size)
— Campbell's
Tomato Soup (from a banner) (1968, 38x25cm; 1/4 size, 20kb, which
is larger than you really need, but, if you insist on an enlargement, this
is a free website, so go right ahead and ZOOM
to half~size, 56kb, or, if your eyes are so bad that you cannot read this
warning and you cannot find your eyeglasses, then, and only then, it might
make some sense to ZOOM+
to full size, 184kb)
— The
Velvet Underground and Nico (1967, 31x31cm) a bruised banana
— Kimiko Powers 1971~1972
(1972, 56x56cm)
— Birmingham
Race Riot (1964, 51x61cm)
— Flowers
(1964, 56x56cm)
— Marilyn
Monroe [x 50] (1962)
— Jacqueline
Kennedy II, pl. 5 from Eleven Pop Artists [x 2] (1965, 61x76cm; 1/4 size)
grainy monochrome
— untitled,
plate on p. 112 and
p. 113 in the book 1¢ Life (1964 double-page color lithograph,
30x60cm together; full size) _ mouth x 6, with a nonsense “poem”,
White Jade Butterfly" at the bottom.
— Bill
Graham Presents (8) "Pop-Op Rock" Andy Warhol and His Plastic Inevitable;
Velvet Underground, Fillmore Auditorium, 5/27-29/66 (1966) _ words only
|
^ Born on 22 February
1778: Rembrandt Peale, US painter and writer.
