Verb Modifiers:
Adverbials
-Single-word Adverbs
-Prepositional Phrases
-Verb Phrases
-Clauses
-Absolutes
Single-word Adverbs
-Form:
-Adv. Of manner (_ly)
-the most movable adverbs
-Adv. Of time/place/frequency
-e.g. now, then, seldom, etc.
-Order: manner, place, time
Example:
-Manner:
-He finally finished his report.
-Finally he finished his report.
-He finished his report finally.
-Time/place/frequency:
-I still jog here sometimes.
Prep. Phrase
-Form: prep. + noun phrase
-Meaning: when, where, why, how
-Examples:
-We arrived at noon.
-We hiked toward the pond.
-We went out for a pizza.
-We walked with dignity.
Verb Phrases: -Infinitive
-Form: To+base form of the verb (To+V1)
-Meaning: reason or purpose
-Participles
-Form: Ving or V3
-Meaning: add info of time, place, reason, and manner
Examples:
-To infinitive
-Mom cashed a check.
-Mom gave Jody her allowance.
-Mom cashed a check to give Jody her allowance.
(Q: Why did Mom cash
a check?)
Examples:
-Participle:
-_ing form
-My uncle made a fortune.
-My uncle sold real estate.
-My uncle made a fortune selling real estate.
-Q: How did your uncle make a fortune?”
Examples:
-Participle:
-_en form
-We were frightened by the tiger.
-We ran into our tents.
-Frightened by the tiger, we ran into our tents.
-Q: Why did you run into the tents?
Adverb Clauses:
-Form: Clause
-Meaning: modifies the verb in a core sentence
-manner, place, time, reason, concession
-Examples:
-She dresses as he wanted her to dress.
-John’s father is buried where he was born.
Absolutes:
-Form: np + V3/Ving phrase
-Note: the s. in the absolute phrase is different from the s. in the core
sentence.
-Examples:
-Our car had developed engine trouble.
-We stopped at a rest area.
-Our car having developed engine trouble, we stopped at a rest area.
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