Use of Spy Cameras and Snooping Devices in India Reference Chapter 4

Aum Gung Ganapathaye Namah

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samma-sambuddhassa

Homage to The Blessed One, Accomplished and Fully Enlightened

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

Use of Spy Cameras and Snooping Devices in India

A Collection of Articles, Notes and References

Reference Chapter 4

(Revised: Wednesday, January 12, 2005)

References Edited by

Praise the Buddha

What’s in a name? That which we call a rose

By any other name would smell as sweet.

- William Shakespeare

The following educational writings are STRICTLY for academic research purposes ONLY.

Should NOT be used for commercial, political or any other purposes.

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8 "... Freely you received, freely give”.

- Matthew 10:8 :: New American Standard Bible (NASB)

1 “But mark this: There will be terrible times in the last days.

2 People will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boastful, proud, abusive, disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, unholy,

3 without love, unforgiving, slanderous, without self-control, brutal, not lovers of the good,

4 treacherous, rash, conceited, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God—

5 having a form of godliness but denying its power. Have nothing to do with them.

6 They are the kind who worm their way into homes and gain control over weak-willed women, who are loaded down with sins and are swayed by all kinds of evil desires,

7 always learning but never able to acknowledge the truth.

8 Just as Jannes and Jambres opposed Moses, so also these men oppose the truth--men of depraved minds, who, as far as the faith is concerned, are rejected.

9 But they will not get very far because, as in the case of those men, their folly will be clear to everyone.”

- 2 Timothy 3:1-9 :: New International Version (NIV)

The right to be left alone – the most comprehensive of rights, and the right most valued by a free people

- Justice Louis Brandeis, Olmstead v. U.S., 1928.

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Reference

McCullagh, Declan. (Monday, July 15, 2002) House OKs life sentences for hackers. USA: CNET Networks, Inc.

http://news.com.com/2100-1001-944057.html

House OKs life sentences for hackers

By Declan McCullagh

Staff Writer

July 15, 2002, 6:00 PM PT

WASHINGTON--The House of Representatives on Monday overwhelmingly approved a bill that would allow for life prison sentences for malicious computer hackers.

By a 385-3 vote, the House approved a computer crime bill that also expands police ability to conduct Internet or telephone eavesdropping without first obtaining a court order.

The Bush administration had asked Congress to approve the Cyber Security Enhancement Act (CSEA) as a way of responding to electronic intrusions, denial of service attacks and the threat of "cyber-terrorism." The CSEA had been written before the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks last year, but the events spurred legislators toward Monday evening's near-unanimous vote.

CSEA, the most wide-ranging computer crime bill to make its way through Congress in years, now heads to the Senate. It's not expected to encounter any serious opposition, although there's not much time for senators to consider the measure because they take August off and are expected to head home for the year around Oct. 1.

"Until we secure our cyber infrastructure, a few keystrokes and an Internet connection is all one needs to disable the economy and endanger lives," sponsor Lamar Smith, R-Tex., said earlier this year. "A mouse can be just as dangerous as a bullet or a bomb."

Smith heads a subcommittee on crime, which held hearings that drew endorsements of CSEA from a top Justice Department official and executives from Microsoft and WorldCom. Citing privacy concerns, civil liberties groups have objected to portions of CSEA.

At the urging of the Justice Department, Smith's subcommittee voted in February to rewrite CSEA. It now promises life terms for computer intrusions that "recklessly" put others' lives at risk.

A committee report accompanying the legislation predicts: "A terrorist or criminal cyber attack could further harm our economy and critical infrastructure. It is imperative that the penalties and law enforcement capabilities are adequate to prevent and deter such attacks."

By rewriting wiretap laws, CSEA would allow limited surveillance without a court order when there is an "ongoing attack" on an Internet-connected computer or "an immediate threat to a national security interest." That kind of surveillance would, however, be limited to obtaining a suspect's telephone number, IP address, URLs or e-mail header information--not the contents of online communications or telephone calls.

Under federal law, such taps can take place when there's a threat of "serious bodily injury to any person" or activity involving organized crime.

Another section of CSEA would permit Internet providers to disclose the contents of e-mail messages and other electronic records to police in cases involving serious crimes.

Currently it's illegal for an Internet provider to "knowingly divulge" what users do except in some specific circumstances, such as when it's troubleshooting glitches, receiving a court order or tipping off police that a crime is in progress. CSEA expands that list to include when "an emergency involving danger of death or serious physical injury to any person requires disclosure of the information without delay."

Clint Smith, the president of the U.S. Internet Service Providers Association, endorsed the concept earlier this year.

Smith testified that CSEA builds on the controversial USA Patriot act, which Congress enacted last fall. He said that this portion of CSEA "will reduce impediments to ISP cooperation with law enforcement."

The Free Congress Foundation, which opposes CSEA, criticized Monday evening's vote.

"Congress should stop chipping away at our civil liberties," said Brad Jansen, an analyst at the conservative group. "A good place to start would be to substantially revise (CSEA) to increase, not diminish, oversight and accountability by the government."

If the Senate also approves CSEA, the new law would also:

• Require the U.S. Sentencing Commission to revise sentencing guidelines for computer crimes. The commission would consider whether the offense involved a government computer, the "level of sophistication" shown and whether the person acted maliciously.

• Formalize the existence of the National Infrastructure Protection Center. The center, which investigates and responds to both physical and virtual threats and attacks on America's critical infrastructure, was created in 1998 by the Department of Justice, but has not been authorized by an act of Congress. The original version of CSEA set aside $57.5 million for the NIPC; the final version increases the NIPC's funding to $125 million for the 2003 fiscal year.

• Specify that an existing ban on the "advertisement" of any device that is used primarily for surreptitious electronic surveillance applies to online ads. The prohibition now covers only a "newspaper, magazine, handbill or other publication."

Most industry associations, including the Business Software Alliance, the Association for Competitive Technology, the Information Technology Association of America, and the Information Technology Industry Council, have endorsed most portions of CSEA.

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Reference

McCullagh, Declan. (Monday, August 5, 2002) Is privacy the next casualty? USA: CNET News.com.

http://news.com.com/2010-1071-948283.html?tag=rn

Is privacy the next casualty?

By Declan McCullagh

August 5, 2002, 4:00 AM PT

WASHINGTON--Sen. Mike DeWine is crusading to hand the FBI new powers to eavesdrop on immigrants and other non-citizens living in America.

The Ohio Republican, a former county prosecutor, is proposing that police need only have a "suspicion" that someone has links to terrorism before being able to spy on that person or snoop through their home.

DeWine's bill does not authorize the Feds to target American citizens or green card holders. But it does mean that the mere "suspicion" of illicit activities would be enough to wiretap the phones and bug the e-mail communications of tourists or legal immigrants who hold H-1B, B-2, TN-1, or student visas.

"We must give our intelligence community the tools they need to closely monitor non-United States persons who want to harm Americans," DeWine asserts. "I believe these changes are necessary for our government to protect Americans."

What DeWine's proposal seeks to do is unleash the full power of the mighty Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) against immigrants, tourists and visitors to the United States who are suspects in terrorism investigations. Currently, it's difficult for federal police to use FISA against non-Americans; DeWine's bill and a related bill introduced by Sen. Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., would make it far easier.

As part of its post-Watergate reforms, Congress enacted FISA in 1978. Because the purpose of the law was to target foreign intelligence agents, the law granted police vast powers. An example: FISA permits the FBI to conduct warrantless physical searches and electronic surveillance against non-Americans--no court order required.

FISA even states that the attorney general may "may authorize physical searches without a court order...for periods of up to one year."

FISA isn't limited to traditional phone wiretapping. There's an entire section devoted to electronic surveillance, permitting "the installation or use of an electronic, mechanical or other surveillance device." That's a flexible definition that stretches to include the FBI's Carnivore Net-surveillance system, keystroke loggers and remotely-installed surveillance systems like the FBI's Magic Lantern spyware.

But up until now, FBI agents have had to claim that they had "probable cause" to believe that a non-American was connected with a crime and was also a member of an international terrorist group. If DeWine and Schumer get their way, mere "suspicion" of any terrorist link is good enough.

Their proposals go too far. For much of the last decade, Congress has been handing more and more power to federal law enforcement. And since the attacks of Sept. 11, politicians have steadfastly dismissed privacy concerns in an attempt to bolster security by any means possible. It's reasonable to take steps to increase security, of course, but unreasonable to ignore the costs of the new rules on privacy and America's long-standing concept of limited government.

Take the USA Patriot Act, which Congress overwhelmingly approved last fall. It permits police to obtain court orders to conduct secret searches of Americans' homes and offices and browse medical and financial records without first showing evidence of a crime.

It's not even clear that more powers handed to the FBI would do any good. The most recent issue of the Los Angeles Weekly reports that an FBI agent has accused the agency of shutting down his 1998 criminal probe into alleged terrorist-training camps inside the United States. If that agent, Robert Wright, is telling the truth, the real problem at the FBI may be lack of common sense--not lack of surveillance authority.

This spring, Attorney General John Ashcroft announced new FBI guidelines permitting agents to conduct more "data mining" and Web browsing without reasonable suspicion of a crime first. What's more, Ashcroft's rules apply not just to terrorism, but to drug and copyright infringement investigations too.

At least nowadays, Ashcroft is hardly one of the most vocal civil libertarians in town. He memorably informed Congress last December that criticism of the Justice Department's power grab would "only aid terrorists."

But even Ashcroft still seems to realize when a proposed law violates the Fourth Amendment's prohibition on "unreasonable searches and seizures."

During a hearing before the Senate Intelligence Committee last week, a Justice Department official expressed strong reservations about DeWine's plan to permit surveillance upon mere "suspicion" of wrongdoing.

James Baker, Justice Department counsel for intelligence policy, told the committee--DeWine is a member--that the Bush administration "is not prepared to support" the bill.

"What is at stake, namely, (is) our ability to conduct investigations that are vital to protecting national security," Baker said. "If we err in our analysis and courts were ultimately to find a 'reasonable suspicion' standard unconstitutional, we could potentially put at risk ongoing investigations and prosecutions."

At the same hearing, incidentally, the FBI's deputy general counsel began fretting about the Internet. "Muslim extremists have found the Internet to be a convenient tool for spreading propaganda and helpful hints for their followers around the world," the FBI's Marion Bowman said. "Web sites calling for jihad, or holy war, against the West are not uncommon."

It's not clear what the future of the DeWine and Schumer bills will be. Without an unambiguous endorsement from the Bush administration, they may languish in committee and stand a slender chance of being enacted before Congress adjourns this fall.

But DeWine's aides insist that the DOJ's concerns are misplaced. "Even if the court said reasonable suspicion was unconstitutional, what you'd lose was that case," an aide said Friday. "You wouldn't nullify the rest of the statute."

Translation: Watch out if you're in the United States and you're not a citizen and don't hold a green card. In the war on terrorism, your privacy could be the next casualty.

Declan McCullagh is the Washington correspondent for CNET News.com, chronicling the ever-busier intersection between technology and politics. Before that, he worked for several years as Washington bureau chief for Wired News. He has also worked as a reporter for The Netly News, Time magazine and HotWired.

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Reference

McCullagh, Declan. (Wednesday, November 13, 2002) Bill could jail hackers for life. USA: MSNBC News.

http://www.msnbc.com/news/834875.asp

Bill could jail hackers for life

Cybersecurity bill inserted into homeland security legislation

By Declan McCullagh

Nov. 13 — A last-minute addition to a proposal for a Department of Homeland Security bill would punish malicious computer hackers with life in prison. The U.S. House of Representatives on Wednesday evening voted 299 to 121 to approve the bill, which would reshape large portions of the federal bureaucracy into a new department combining parts of 22 existing federal agencies, including the Secret Service, the Coast Guard, and the FBI’s National Infrastructure Protection Center.

DURING CLOSED-DOOR NEGOTIATIONS before the debate began, the House Republican leadership inserted the 16-page Cyber Security Enhancement Act (CSEA) into the Homeland Security bill. CSEA expands the ability of police to conduct Internet or telephone eavesdropping without first obtaining a court order, and offers Internet providers more latitude to disclose information to police.

In July, the full House approved CSEA by a 385-to-3 vote, but it died in the Senate. By inserting CSEA into the Homeland Security bill, the measure’s backers are hoping for a second chance before Congress adjourns for the holidays.

“Defending against terrorists who can strike any time with any method requires a change in our approach to the problem,” CSEA sponsor Rep. Lamar Smith said in a statement. “We need a new government structure with a clear focus and clear mission to protect Americans and increase public safety. The new Department of Homeland Security will fulfill that vital role.”

Earlier this year, Smith said: “Until we secure our cyberinfrastructure, a few keystrokes and an Internet connection is all one needs to disable the economy and endanger lives. A mouse can be just as dangerous as a bullet or a bomb.” Smith heads a subcommittee on crime, which held hearings that drew endorsements of CSEA from a top Justice Department official and executives from Microsoft and WorldCom.

Citing privacy concerns, civil liberties groups have objected to portions of CSEA.

“There are a lot of different things to be concerned about, but preserving Fourth Amendment and wiretap standards continues to be a critical test of Congress’ commitment of civil liberties,” Marc Rotenberg, director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, said Wednesday.

Rotenberg said that CSEA makes “ISPs more closely aligned with law enforcement interests than customer confidentiality interests. It may not be surprising, but it’s not good news.”

Democratic members of Congress said during Wednesday evening’s floor debate that the Department of Homeland Security bill had been rushed to the floor without everyone having a chance to read it. They did not complain specifically about CSEA, which has already been approved near-unanimously by the House.

“We were given a massive new bill this morning that is being rushed through the House with no opportunity for debate,” said Rep. Henry Waxman, D-Calif. “I doubt more than 10 people in Congress know (what’s) in the bill.”

House Majority Leader Dick Armey, R-Texas, replied by saying: “There seems to be a concern that the bill is being rushed to the floor. ... This was not rushed to the floor. We worked hard on it. We worked together on it.”

WHAT CSEA DOES

CSEA expands the ability of police to conduct Internet or telephone eavesdropping without first obtaining a court order, and offers Internet providers more latitude to disclose information to police.

If approved by the Senate and signed by the president, who has called for a Department of Homeland Security, the law would:

Promise life terms for computer intrusions that “recklessly” put others’ lives at risk. A committee report accompanying the legislation predicts: “A terrorist or criminal cyberattack could further harm our economy and critical infrastructure. It is imperative that the penalties and law enforcement capabilities are adequate to prevent and deter such attacks.”

Permit limited surveillance without a court order when there is an “ongoing attack” on an Internet-connected computer or “an immediate threat to a national security interest.” That kind of surveillance would, however, be limited to obtaining a suspect’s telephone number, IP address, URLs or e-mail header information—not the contents of online communications or telephone calls. Under federal law, such taps can take place when there’s a threat of “serious bodily injury to any person” or activity involving organized crime.

Change current law, which says it’s illegal for an Internet provider to “knowingly divulge” what users do except in some specific circumstances, such as when it’s troubleshooting glitches, receiving a court order or tipping off police that a crime is in progress. CSEA expands that list to include when “an emergency involving danger of death or serious physical injury to any person requires disclosure of the information without delay.”

Specify that an existing ban on the “advertisement” of any device that is used primarily for surreptitious electronic surveillance applies to online ads. The prohibition now covers only a “newspaper, magazine, handbill or other publication.”

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Reference

Marconi, David (1998) Taglines for Enemy of the State (Movie).

http://us.imdb.com/Taglines?0120660

It's Not Paranoia If They're Really After You.

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In God we trust. The rest we monitor.

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The only privacy left is inside of your head

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Reference

Mental Help Net Staff. Sexual Disorders: Symptoms – Voyeurism.

http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&&id=602&&cn=98&&clnt%3Dclnt00001&&

Symptoms - Voyeurism

by Mental Help Net Staff

Voyeurism

Symptoms

Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving the act of observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity.

The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Criteria summarized from:

American Psychiatric Association. (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

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Reference

Middleton, James. (Tuesday, July 16, 2002) Hackers face life imprisonment. UK: VNU Business Publications Ltd.

http://www.vnunet.com/News/1133587

Hackers face life imprisonment

By James Middleton [16-07-2002]

US Cyber Security Enhancement Act set to become law

The US House of Representatives yesterday approved a bill that could put hackers in the slammer for life.

Yesterday's vote, carried by an overwhelming 385 to three, indicated that the Cyber Security Enhancement Act, written up before the crackdown on terrorism began last September, will be rubber stamped all the way.

The bill must go before the Senate to become law, but it is expected to meet with little, if any, opposition. However, as the holiday period for senators includes all of August, the legislation may not be passed until October.

It is not clear how far reaching the bill will be with regard to hackers, as the life imprisonment sentence is for those who put lives at risk through electronic means. Whether this includes minor hacking felonies remains to be seen.

The legislation also grants powers to the US police to tap phone lines and monitor internet traffic without a warrant. Such actions are limited to situations which pose a threat to national security.

The bill is designed to complement the US Patriot Act, brought into force some years ago.

The approval of the Cyber Security Enhancement Act has been criticised by civil liberties groups.

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Reference

Mitchell, Mark. (Monday, April 1, 2002) Always on the Lookout Taipei, Taiwan: Time Asia Magazine. Vol. 159. No. 12.

http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/top

APRIL 1, 2002 / VOL. 159 NO. 12

Technology

Always on the Lookout

Taiwanese are spying on each other with tiny video cameras, and the populace is getting paranoid

BY MARK MITCHELL TAIPEI

SIMON KWONG/REUTERS

Camera shy: ex-politician Chu Mei-Feng is Taiwan's best-known video victim

With his mop of frizzy hair, thick eyeglasses, and shiny, polka-dotted shirts, Lawrence Lee bears a striking resemblance to Austin Powers in The Spy Who Shagged Me. He prefers to think of himself as "the guy behind James Bond, 007." His ramshackle office in a low-rent district of Taipei is lined floor to ceiling with spy gadgetry: neckties fitted with lenses, cameras disguised as Bibles, infrared goggles. If you are lucky, he will show you his small library of Japanese manuals with detailed instructions on how to secretly film your neighbor's underpants.

For 10 years, Lee's company, Singa Takara Enterprises, struggled to turn a profit selling custom-made spook equipment to clients such as the Iranian secret police. Then, in December, one of Taiwan's tabloid magazines whipped up a scandal by distributing free copies of an X-rated video purported to be of former Taipei politician Chu Mei-feng as she entertained somebody else's husband. The couple was secretly filmed with a thumbnail-sized camera hidden in a bedroom. Since the incident, which became an Internet sensation, Lee can't keep his shelves stocked—and Taiwan is gripped with hidden-camera hysteria.

No one knows how many jealous spouses, paranoid business managers and run-of-the-mill perverts have rushed out to buy their own snooping devices. Miniaturization technology and cheaper electronics have enabled thousands of Taiwanese to become amateur Big Brothers, surreptitiously videotaping employees, friends and total strangers without regard for privacy or propriety. Shopowners retailing tiny spy cameras (which cost between $30 and $400) say sales jumped tenfold after the Chu Mei-feng scandal. One of the hottest toys last Christmas was a Winnie the Pooh plush doll with cameras in its eye sockets.

Chu's ordeal (she denies the woman in the video is her) has left a lot of Taiwanese with the creepy feeling that the environment is crawling with electronic eyes. A recent survey found that more than 40% of Taiwanese women won't use public toilets because they fear hidden cameras; nearly all of these women say delaying micturition has resulted in urinary tract infections. To ease concern, some police departments have been ordered to conduct twice-weekly sweeps of restrooms. Authorities have been flooded with so many phone calls from people convinced they are being taped that the government is holding "how-to" seminars on the de-bugging of homes and offices. Taipei-based Gi Ya Company claims more than 100,000 customers have purchased a device that is supposed to detect radio waves emitted by spy cams equipped with wireless communication capabilities. The $30 appliance, marketed to women for personal protection, comes fitted with a whistle, a make-up mirror, and a stun gun.

Business is also booming for Lion Liu, who sells some 300 electronic-device detectors a month to gynecologists, hospitals, department stores and local police—in competition with Lee of Singa Takara Enterprises. Not to be outdone by Liu, Lee has been working overtime, networking with public officials, publicly deriding his rival's lack of competence and making the rounds of television talk shows.

Jawboning paid off when female lawmakers demanded that the legislature be scoured for cameras. Lee was hired for the job. Lugging a metal case full of spinning dials and blinking LCD read-outs, he waved a big antenna over every nook, cranny and toilet in the building. At a subsequent press conference Lee, alongside the speaker of Taiwan's legislature, pronounced the place safe for womankind. It was, he says, the crowning moment of his career.

His work should keep him busy. Surveillance cameras are proliferating everywhere. Police monitor high-crime areas. Business owners keep tabs on their workers. According to the China Daily, mainland China's English-language newspaper, spy cameras are a hit with consumers in Guangdong province, where spouses are tracking their mates and store owners watch out for shoplifters. After stumbling upon a Tokyo-based pornographic website showing photos of female passengers on Taipei subway trains, a Taipei city councilor recently fueled public paranoia by announcing that the transit system had been infiltrated by Japanese criminals carrying cameras disguised as briefcases.

And last week, a man who officials have dubbed the "big-footed pervert" was caught sticking his camera-equipped sneaker under women's skirts. "Do we have privacy anymore?" asks security expert Liu. "No. The only safe place is a place without light." Then again, there are always infrared hidden cameras.

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Personal Review

…spouses are tracking their mates…

Also from article by Li, Liu.

The seller admitted some people buy the cameras to supervise on their spouse's activities or for other reasons.

Residents feel unsafe as this method has been used to expose aspects of people's private lives

In other words, the diverse possibilities are:

“Predator” men on the hunt. Monitoring married or unmarried women for illicit sexual favors or forced sex. This scenario is horrifying to those “good-looking/pretty” women (married/unmarried/divorced) who stay far away from home for employment or study purposes, without proper guardianship. Even inner circle friends, whether man or woman, could become enemies in disguise. Refer the article by Pandey, Maneesh. (Tuesday, October 29, 2002) Camera leads to Peeping Tom. Delhi, India: Times News Network. Also refer the related articles:

Leinwand, Donna. (Monday, January 28, 2002) Use of 'date rape' drug surges. USA: USA Today. Sweets, toffees or even a tea, out of friendship, hospitality etc, one have to beware these days, even from “close” friends!
Associated Press. (Thursday, September 19, 2002) Internet Dealers of 'Date Rape' Drug Arrested. USA: FOX News Network.
The Date Rape Pill. USA: Kidpower Teenpower Fullpower International and Real World Safety.

“unmarried/single/divorced” men along with their families or friends hunting for prospective or eligible bachelor women.
“Predator” women on the hunt. Monitoring married or unmarried men for illicit sexual favors. Refer the article by Mukherjee, Sourav. (Wednesday, October 30, 2002) Lack of jobs driving women to world’s oldest profession. Ahmedabad, India: Times News Network. With the help of spy devices, prostitution can be carried over to higher levels. It also helps to provide a “respectable” cover, by trying to force themselves into decent families under the guise of “romantic love”. The aim being to portray themselves as “respectable house-wives” during day time and as an “undercover” sex worker at night. In short, the desire to achieve the good of both worlds!
“unmarried/single/divorced” women along with their families or friends hunting for prospective or eligible bachelor men.

All based on “obsessive lust” for carnal or sexual “satisfaction”. Stalking, to be precise.

The so-called “traditional” society with values, which used to exist until the middle of 1990’s face a nightmare with the clandestine introduction of spy devices. The immoral nature of society which used to be “hush-hush” will get more prominent, in the days to come. More vulgar. Covert intrusion into other’s private and personal life without permission.

6 They are the kind who worm their way into homes and gain control over weak-willed women, who are loaded down with sins and are swayed by all kinds of evil desires,

- 2 Timothy 3:6 :: New International Version (NIV)

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Reference

Mukherjee, Sourav. (Wednesday, October 30, 2002) Lack of jobs driving women to world’s oldest profession. Ahmedabad, India: Times News Network.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cms.dll/xml/comp/articleshow?artid=26798388

Lack of jobs driving women to world’s oldest profession

SOURAV MUKHERJEE

TIMES NEWS NETWORK [ WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 30, 2002 11:28:22 PM ]

AHMEDABAD: On January 26, 2001, Savita Mohanbhai’s little world crumbled to pieces. Her husband died in a house-collapse incident during the devastating earthquake. Left to fend for herself and her two young children, the 40-year-old woman took to walking the streets of Ahmedabad. Unsurmountable responsibilities coupled with unemployment pushed this middle-class housewife into prostitution.

More than an isolated case, this. It may well be a trend. Surveys carried out by experts and NGOs suggest that the number of prostitutes operating within city limits has seen a fair increase in recent months. The figure, say surveyors, now stands at 4,000 — an all-time high.

If you’re wondering about the reason behind this “disturbing” phenomenon, then the blame rests on lack of job opportunities and natural and man-made disasters.

“Increase in prostitution is a stark economic statement. It says that the city offers few job opportunities and that young as also the not-so-young are taking the easy but demeaning way out to earn a living. This also points towards a breakdown of our value system where want of money overrides any other concern,” says sociologist Gaurang Jani.

Jyotsnaben Harshadbhai (25), a small-town girl living near Nadiad, was back to her favourite haunt — a busstop on the busy Ashram Road. Soon, a youth riding a snazzy mobike stopped near her. People at a nearby tea-stall watched dumbstruck as a deal was quickly struck and the couple zipped away to a seedy guest house.

Before becoming a sex worker, Jyotsnaben used to shuttle between Ahmedabad and Nadiad regularly to earn a living. Paltry remuneration of Rs 1,000 per month at a beauty parlour disillusioned her, and she chose to take the cue of some of her friends who had already taken to prostitution.

Rajesh Gumane, project officer of Partnership for Sexual Health (PSH) Programme being run by voluntary organisation Jyoti Sangh, says: “There is an urgent need for employment opportunities for sex workers, and more importantly for their family members.”

Jani, who is a consultant to Jyoti Sangh, adds, “Coupled with PSH, sex education should be made compulsory in high schools and colleges. Our youngsters should be told about the hazards, like AIDS and STD, of this high-risk behaviour.” Jani’s assertion is upheld by the surveyors of sex workers in the city who talk of brothels operating from slums, street-walkers loitering near busy thoroughfares and multiplexes and of call-girls who are just a telephone call away.

Surveyors said: “We fear that in the aftermath of the riots, the number could well rise. If any intervention is to be effective, it will have to be through viable means of earning a respectable living.”

(Names of sex workers have been changed to protect identities).

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Personal Review

Paltry remuneration of Rs 1,000 per month at a beauty parlour disillusioned her, and she chose to take the cue of some of her friends who had already taken to prostitution.

It is not only lack of job opportunity. The desire for more money, the easy way. In short, even if the society creates more jobs, one with a desire for quick money need not accept “the low paying” job. Why tire and toil oneself, while “a lot” can be made in a short duration with less tire and toil.

…young as also the not-so-young are taking the easy but demeaning way out to earn a living. This also points towards a breakdown of our value system where want of money overrides any other concern.

The desire for more and quick money.

Will the society be willing to give high-paying normal respectable jobs to sex-workers? Naturally no, for those without sufficient qualification.

Refer the advice given by The Blessed One, Lord Buddha, according to –

Vanijja Sutta (AN V.177) -- Business (WWrong Livelihood) {A iii 208} [Thanissaro Bhikkhu, trans.]. Five kinds of wrong livelihood for lay followers.

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Reference (Key points only)

Orland, Kevin. (Thursday, February 06, 2003) Stalker Victims Should Check For GPS. USA: CBS Broadcasting Inc.

http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/02/06/national/main539596.shtml

"He told me no matter where I went or what I did, he would know where I was," Adams testified at a recent court hearing.

Police say Adams' case and several others across the country herald an incipient danger - high-tech stalking.

Just as the global satellite positioning system can help save lives, so can its abuse endanger them, advocates of stalking victims say.

"As technology advances, it's going to be almost impossible for victims to flee and get to safety," said Cindy Southworth, director of technology at the National Network to End Domestic Violence in Washington.

…

In the Adams case, Seidler pleaded not guilty last month to felony counts of stalking, recklessly endangering safety, burglary and a misdemeanor count of disorderly conduct.

…

Police say Seidler put a global positioning tracking device between the radiator and grill of Adams' car. Such gadgets use a constellation of Defense Department satellites to pinpoint location and can send their coordinates via cellular networks to wireless handsets or computers.

Trucking companies use GPS systems to track of hazardous cargo and monitor drivers. Corrections authorities use them to monitor sex offenders. Hikers, boaters and motorists use GPS devices to keep from getting lost. GPS technology is also being built into cell phones to help emergency dispatchers find 911 callers. They're also being used to prevent car theft.

Southworth trains victims advocates, law enforcement and prosecutors on stalkers' use of the technology…

…

GPS is not the first technology to be misused by stalkers, who have also employed the Internet, microchip-sized cameras and even caller identification…

…

Tracy Bahm, the Stalking Resource Center's director, said some states are working to update their stalking statutes to include the high-tech variety.

The center typically advises states to keep their statutes broad enough to include technologies that don't yet exist.

"As society and technology evolve, stalkers will always find new ways to harass their victims," Bahm said.

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Reference

Pandey, Maneesh. (Tuesday, October 29, 2002) Camera leads to Peeping Tom. Delhi, India: Times News Network.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cms.dll/articleshow?artid=26696955 http://www.ananova.com/news/story/sm_702954.html?menu=news.technology.internetcrime

Camera leads to peeping Tom

MANEESH PANDEY

TIMES NEWS NETWORK [ TUESDAY, OCTOBER 29, 2002 11:10:43 PM ]

NEW DELHI: For almost a month, a voyeur landlord in South Patel Nagar watched his five young women tenants in the bathroom through a web camera he had installed there.

According to the west district police, the landlord was booked when the five unmarried women lodged a complaint against him.

‘‘The working women, in the age group of 24 to 30, are outraged over the incident. They have registered a complaint against their landlord, Pankaj Chopra (35), accusing him of downloading their nude pictures from a computer connected to the web camera in their bathroom through a cable,’’ said Dependra Pathak, deputy commissioner of police (west).

Pathak said one of the women, while taking a bath, spotted the hidden camera on Sunday and reported the matter to the Patel Nagar police. The matter was investigated and Chopra’s computer seized. The local police confiscated nude pictures of the five women which the accused had downloaded in floppies.

The five women were living as paying guests on the first floor of the house since the first week of June. Only some of them were employed. The women shared the first floor bathroom amongst themselves, while the Chopras lived on the ground floor.

The DCP said the accused had built a room on top of the tenants’ bathroom on the second floor, which he was using for office work. With a computer connection there, he had installed the web camera on the ceiling of the bathroom. Thereafter, Chopra had been watching the women on his computer and downloading images.

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http://www.geocities.com/praisethebuddha/spydevices/refer/chap4.html

Published on internet: Thursday, October 31, 2002

1^st Re-publish on internet: Thursday, July 10, 2003

Revised: Wednesday, January 12, 2005

Information on the web site is given in good faith about a certain spiritual way of life, irrespective of any specific religion, in the belief that the information is not misused, misjudged or misunderstood. Persons using this information for whatever purpose must rely on their own skill, intelligence and judgment in its application. The webmaster does not accept any liability for harm or damage resulting from advice given in good faith on this website.

Reference Chapter 3 Reference Chapter 5

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A Mini Homepage Index

Use of Spy Cameras and Snooping Devices in India

International Stalking and Cyberstalking in India

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“Thou belongest to That Which Is Undying, and not merely to time alone,” murmured the Sphinx, breaking its muteness at last. “Thou art eternal, and not merely of the vanishing flesh. The soul in man cannot be killed, cannot die. It waits, shroud-wrapped, in thy heart, as I waited, sand-wrapped, in thy world. Know thyself, O mortal! For there is One within thee, as in all men, that comes and stands at the bar and bears witness that there IS a God!”

(Reference: Brunton, Paul. (1962) A Search in Secret Egypt. (17^th Impression) London, UK: Rider & Company. Page: 35.)

Amen