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Useful Modelines

Index

Introduction

This document presents useful modelines and settings for use with a TV set or Arcade monitor connected directly to the PC using a suitable cable. To use a mode under Windows you can use WinModelines. These modes can also be used in Linux XConfig file.

Desktop modes

Modes presented in this section are optimized for general desktop usage, for example document editing and Internet surfing. Their purpose is to maximize available resolution while avoiding overscan.

Two sets of modes are available: 50Hz and 60Hz. Most TV sets will accept both formats, 50Hz modes have slightly higher resolution but produce more flicker.

TV PAL/SECAM (50Hz)

Modes generated with borders: H: 4,8/4,8 V: 4/2

Modeline "640x540      (50Hz)" 13.625 640 694 758 872 540 556 562 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "675x540 5:4  (50Hz)" 14.375 675 732 800 920 540 556 562 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "720x540 4:3  (50Hz)" 15.375 720 781 854 984 540 556 562 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "768x540      (50Hz)" 16.375 768 833 910 1048 540 556 562 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "800x540      (50Hz)" 17.000 800 868 948 1088 540 556 562 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "960x540 16:9 (50Hz)" 20.375 960 1041 1137 1304 540 556 562 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "1024x540     (50Hz)" 21.750 1024 1111 1213 1392 540 556 562 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "1072x540     (50Hz)" 22.750 1072 1163 1270 1456 540 556 562 625 interlace -hsync -vsync

If your TV set allows you to adjust picture size (for example in a service menu) or you use an Arcade monitor, you can increase available resolution replacing the last four modeline numbers 558 573 578 625 by 600 602 607 625. You will have to adjust the vertical size of your display in order to fit all the lines in the screen. For square pixels use mode 800x600 for 4:3 screens and 1072x600 for 16:9 wide screens.

TV NTSC (60Hz)

Modeline "570x456 5:4  (60Hz)" 12.084 570 621 678 768 456 472 478 525 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "608x456 4:3  (60Hz)" 12.965 608 663 724 824 456 472 478 525 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "640x456      (60Hz)" 13.594 640 698 762 864 456 472 478 525 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "720x456      (60Hz)" 15.357 720 785 857 976 456 472 478 525 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "812x456 16:9 (60Hz)" 17.245 812 885 966 1096 456 472 478 525 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "1024x456     (60Hz)" 21.776 1024 1117 1219 1384 456 472 478 525 interlace -hsync -vsync

These modes have a resolution lower than 480 vertical pixels and Windows will not list them in the standard desktop properties, instead you can use WinModelines mode tester or any other program to set them.

Note: RGB signals used in the VGA to Scart cable have a higher bandwidth than analogue composite video and allow the use of higher horizontal resolutions. On the other hand, vertical resolution is still limited by the deflection circuits.

Video playback modes

Standard PAL/NTSC video

European PAL/SECAM colour standards use 576 lines containing video information, given a typical 4:3 screen ratio the horizontal resolution is 768 pixels. American NTSC standard uses 480 lines with an horizontal resolution of 640:

Modeline "PAL  768x576 (50Hz)" 14.750 768 790 859 944 576 581 586 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "NTSC 640x480 (60Hz)" 12.336 640 662 720 784 480 488 494 525 interlace -hsync -vsync

These modes are the best choice for general purpose video playback as they produce square pixels which is a standard in the PC world. Most programs size the video assuming the monitor displays square pixels, thus these modes offer the best compatibility for all existing software.

However CCIR-601 specification for video encoding sets an horizontal resolution of 720 pixels for PAL, so most videos and streams are encoded at that resolution. This will cause the image to be resized from 720 to 768 pixels slightly degrading the picture quality and increasing CPU or GPU work. The following modes avoid this scaling:

Modeline "PAL  720x576 (50Hz)" 13.875 720 741 806 888 576 581 586 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "NTSC 720x480 (60Hz)" 13.846 720 744 809 880 480 488 494 525 interlace -hsync -vsync

The first mode produces pixels that are slightly fatter than taller with a pixel aspect ratio of 1.067. This is optimal to playback 720x576 video on tube screens. The second mode has a pixel aspect ratio of 0.889.

It is necessary to set the media player pixel aspect ratio or sizing options so that it will size the picture properly, otherwise it will force an incorrect size and scale the picture vertically causing very annoying artefacts visible as horizontal bands in moving pictures.

See below how to properly configure some players:

Other useful modes

Some countries use PAL-M, this is PAL running at NTSC refresh rates.

Modeline "PAL-M 768x480 (60Hz)" 14.727 768 794 863 936 480 488 494 525 interlace -hsync -vsync

The following modes are progressive and can be used to play video with 288 or less vertical resolution.

Modeline "PAL  768x288 (50Hz)" 14.726 768 790 859 944 288 290 293 312 -hsync -vsync
Modeline "PAL  720x288 (50Hz)" 13.853 720 741 806 888 288 290 293 312 -hsync -vsync
Modeline "NTSC 640x240 (60Hz)" 12.312 640 662 719 784 240 244 247 262 -hsync -vsync
Modeline "NTSC 720x240 (60Hz)" 13.820 720 744 809 880 240 244 247 262 -hsync -vsync

High definition video

A standard TV set can display higher horizontal resolutions thanks to the higher bandwidth available in RGB signals, however vertical resolution is still limited to 576 or 480 lines due to deflection circuits. In this section we will take advantage of these facts to get the best out of a TV set when playing HD video.

Standard EDTV/HDTV modes
ModeResolutionScanningRefresh (Hz)
480p720x480/852x480progressive60
576p720x576progressive50
720p1280x720progressive24, 25, 30, 50, 60
1080i1920x1080interlaced50, 60
1080p1920x1080progressive24, 25, 30

480p, 576p

For 480p and 576p you can use these modes:

Modeline "PAL  720x576 (50Hz)" 13.875 720 741 806 888 576 581 586 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "NTSC 720x480 (60Hz)" 13.846 720 744 809 880 480 488 494 525 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "EDTV 852x480 (60Hz)" 16.253 852 873 948 1033 480 486 492 525 interlace -hsync -vsync

Playing progressive video on an interlaced display will miss some information because a TV set has no way to play progressive video but it will playback fine without artefacts.

Some high end models (not necessarily HD Ready) can accept progressive video, try these modes:

Modeline "720x576 (50Hz)" 36.058 720 774 944 1152 576 581 586 626 -hsync -vsync
Modeline "720x480 (60Hz)" 35.496 720 782 949 1128 480 488 494 525 -hsync -vsync
Modeline "852x480 (60Hz)" 42.042 852 926 1123 1336 480 488 494 525 -hsync -vsync

720p, 1080p

There is no way to render all the lines from these videos so a vertical scaling must be performed, but all the horizontal resolution can be rendered by selecting the appropriate mode.

Modeline "720p 1280x480 30,60 (60Hz)" 24.545 1280 1323 1438 1560 480 488 494 525 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "720p 1280x576 25,50 (50Hz)" 24.625 1280 1317 1433 1576 576 581 586 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "720p 1280x600 24    (48Hz)" 24.625 1280 1317 1433 1576 600 605 611 651 interlace -hsync -vsync

Modeline "1080p 1920x480 30,60 (60Hz)" 36.881 1920 1985 2158 2344 480 488 494 525 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "1080p 1920x576 25    (50Hz)" 36.875 1920 1975 2149 2360 576 581 586 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "1080p 1920x600 24    (48Hz)" 36.875 1920 1975 2149 2360 600 605 611 651 interlace -hsync -vsync

Given the fact the original video is not interlaced, vertical scaling will not cause artefacts. For 25 and 50Hz refresh rates use 50Hz modes, for 30 and 60Hz rates use 60Hz modes and for 24Hz use 48Hz modes.

1080i

This is a special case where the original picture is interlaced and we may have trouble scaling it. A workaround is to scale the picture to half its original size or less. The following modes will help do that:

Modeline "1080i 1920x480 60 (60Hz)" 36.881 1920 1985 2158 2344 480 488 494 525 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "1080i 1920x540 50 (50Hz)" 36.875 1920 1975 2149 2360 540 563 568 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "1080i 1920x540 48 (48Hz)" 36.875 1920 1975 2149 2360 540 572 578 651 interlace -hsync -vsync

Arcade

Arcade games

The following modes fit many Arcade games, however because there are lots of games with different needs, you can use the WinModelines modeline editor to create modes for specific games.

Modeline "240x240_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 4.653 240 248 270 296 240 241 244 262  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "256x240_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 4.905 256 264 287 312 240 241 244 262  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "256x256_59,1Hz 16,2KHz (60Hz)" 5.200 256 264 288 320 256 257 260 275  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "256x264_58,0Hz 16,2KHz (60Hz)" 5.197 256 264 288 320 264 265 268 280  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "288x240_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 5.533 288 296 322 352 240 241 244 262  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "296x240_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 5.785 296 304 331 368 240 241 244 262  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "304x240_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 5.911 304 312 340 376 240 241 244 262  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "320x200_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 6.162 320 328 357 392 200 221 224 262  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "321x240_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 6.162 321 329 358 392 240 241 244 262  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "320x256_59,1Hz 16,2KHz (60Hz)" 6.501 320 328 359 400 256 257 260 275  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "336x240_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 6.540 336 344 375 416 240 241 244 262  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "352x256_59,1Hz 16,2KHz (60Hz)" 7.151 352 360 394 440 256 257 260 275  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "352x264_58,0Hz 16,2KHz (60Hz)" 7.146 352 360 394 440 264 265 268 280  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "352x288_50,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 6.782 352 360 392 432 288 291 294 314  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "368x240_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 7.168 368 376 410 456 240 241 244 262  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "384x288_50,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 7.410 384 392 427 472 288 291 294 314  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "392x240_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 7.546 392 400 435 480 240 241 244 262  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "400x256_53,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 7.808 400 408 445 496 256 267 270 297  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "448x240_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 8.677 448 456 497 552 240 241 244 262  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "512x240_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 9.935 512 520 567 632 240 241 244 262  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "512x288_50,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 9.922 512 520 567 632 288 291 294 314  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "512x448_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 9.935 512 520 567 632 448 467 473 524 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "512x512_59,1Hz 16,3KHz (60Hz)" 10.272 512 520 568 632 512 513 519 550 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "632x264_57,0Hz 16,1KHz (60Hz)" 12.647 632 640 699 784 264 265 268 283  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "640x240_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 12.324 640 648 706 784 240 241 244 262  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "640x288_50,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 12.309 640 648 706 784 288 291 294 314  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "640x480_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 12.324 640 648 706 784 480 483 489 524 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "648x288_50,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 12.560 648 656 715 800 288 291 294 314  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "720x480_60,0Hz 15,7KHz (60Hz)" 13.959 720 728 794 888 480 483 489 524 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "800x600_50,0Hz 16,0KHz (60Hz)" 15.823 800 808 883 992 600 601 607 638 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "1024x600_50,0Hz 16,0KHz (60Hz)" 20.161 1024 1032 1127 1264 600 601 607 638 interlace -hsync -vsync

256, 264 and 512 line modes have too small retrace time and in some monitors may result in compressed lines or retrace lines visible at the top of the picture. The following modes will fix that issue, note that you must replace the corresponding modes from the previous list. Many thanks to Calamity for his great job:

Modeline "256x256@60,0Hz 16,7KHz (60Hz)" 5.504 256 268 292 330 256 257 260 278 -hsync -vsync
Modeline "256x264@59,0Hz 16,7KHz (60Hz)" 5.529 256 268 292 330 264 265 268 284 -hsync -vsync
Modeline "321x256@60,0Hz 16,7KHz (60Hz)" 6.938 321 340 372 416 256 257 260 278 -hsync -vsync 
Modeline "352x256@60,0Hz 16,7KHz (60Hz)" 7.506 352 368 400 450 256 257 260 278 -hsync -vsync
Modeline "352x264@59,0Hz 16,7KHz (60Hz)" 7.574 352 365 405 452 264 265 268 284 -hsync -vsync
Modeline "512x512@30,0Hz 16,6KHz (60Hz)" 11.062 512 538 594 668 512 513 516 552 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "632x264@59,0Hz 16,7KHz (60Hz)" 13.807 632 664 728 824 264 265 268 284 -hsync -vsync

Arcade screen modes at 25kHz

Some arcade screens can be set to run at 25kHz line frequency:

Modeline "512x384_60,0Hz 25,0KHz" 15.575 512 520 582 624 384 385 390 416  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "512x768_60,0Hz 25,0KHz" 15.575 512 520 582 624 768 769 779 832 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "1024x768_60,0Hz 25,0KHz" 31.150 1024 1032 1157 1248 768 769 779 832 interlace -hsync -vsync 

Special modes for special games

Some arcade games used curious modes:

Modeline "Xain Sleena 256x224 15,7kHz (57Hz)" 5.370 256 274 299 341 224 242 245 276 -hsync -vsync

Videogame modes

Most videogame machines were sold in many countries, resulting in two versions: PAL and NTSC. They had to be adapted for local TV standards in every country, given the fact some countries run at 50Hz and some others at 60Hz refresh rate. Besides differences in the video circuits of these machines, games had to be adjusted since most ran synchronized to the vertical refresh pulse. This is why we may find different ROMS for different countries. Depending on the country the ROM is designed for, we will have to select the proper refresh rate for it to get smooth animations and correct game speed.

The best way to get smooth video is to run the game synchronized to the screen refresh. Most emulators implement a virtual speed control so the game runs at the right speed under any monitor refresh rate setting, but some emulators will let you disable this feature and sync instead to the screen refresh. For that, disable Frameskipping and enable VSync.

All emulators mentioned in this section allow you to set a custom mode to be used for Fullscreen, but in some cases they will not let you select the desired refresh rate. To have DirectX use a specific refresh rate in these cases, you can set the default refresh rate here: click on Start, Run, type dxdiag, click OK, select More help and press Override..., select Override value and type in the desired refresh rate (50 for European games or 60 for American games).

If you notice a heavy flicker make sure all special scanline effects are disabled. These effects only display properly in a PC monitor.

Older drivers or video cards (for example Matrox) do not tolerate the low resolutions used in some games, a work around is to double the horizontal resolution and have the emulator perform an horizontal x2 scaling. See the section Adjustments, last item. Since this is an integer scaling, it will not introduce any artefact.

Nintendo (NES)

Nintendo has a single native resolution of 256x240.

Modeline "256x240 PAL  (50Hz)" 5.320 256 269 294 341 240 270 273 312  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "256x240 NTSC (60Hz)" 5.370 256 269 294 341 240 244 247 262  -hsync -vsync   

Most American games did not use the first and last 8 lines of the picture, making some emulator authors believe the NES resolution was 224 lines. To avoid scaling to 240 lines with these emulators, use these modes:

Modeline "256x224 PAL  (50Hz)" 5.320 256 269 294 341 224 260 263 312  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "256x224 NTSC (60Hz)" 5.370 256 269 294 341 224 236 239 262  -hsync -vsync   

There are lots of emulators for this machine but only the following allow you to specify the mode to be used for Fullscreen:

Super Nintendo

Modeline "256x224 PAL  (50Hz)" 5.320 256 274 299 341 224 260 263 312  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "256x224 NTSC (60Hz)" 5.370 256 274 299 341 224 236 239 262  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "256x239 PAL  (50Hz)" 5.320 256 274 299 341 239 268 271 312  -hsync -vsync
Modeline "256x239 NTSC (60Hz)" 5.370 256 274 299 341 239 244 247 262  -hsync -vsync

Modeline "512x448 PAL  (50Hz)" 10.640 512 548 598 681 448 520 526 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "512x448 NTSC (60Hz)" 10.740 512 548 599 683 448 472 478 525 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "512x478 PAL  (50Hz)" 10.640 512 548 598 681 478 536 542 625 interlace -hsync -vsync
Modeline "512x478 NTSC (60Hz)" 10.740 512 548 599 683 478 488 494 525 interlace -hsync -vsync

All these modes were calculated from technical papers for this machine and generate a signal like the real machine. The SNES has various graphical modes, most games use 256x224, and a few games use 256x239 or 512x448.

To avoid ugly artefacts it is strongly recommended to select the right mode for the game. For most games it is 256x224, Super Mario All Stars (E), Dragon Quest I+II and Dragon Quest V run at 256x239 and RPM Racing and Ranma Nibunnoichi - Chounai Gekitou Hen use 512x448 (this is not an extensive list).

These emulators can be set to use these modes:

Nintendo 64

According to this USENET thread Nintendo 64 uses 256x224, 320x240, 512x448 and 640x480.

Modeline "256x224 PAL  (50Hz)" 5.320 256 274 299 341 224 260 263 312  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "256x224 NTSC (60Hz)" 5.370 256 274 299 341 224 236 239 262  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "320x240 PAL  (50Hz)" 6.660 320 336 367 426 240 270 273 312  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "320x240 NTSC (60Hz)" 6.700 320 336 367 426 240 244 247 262  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "512x448 PAL  (50Hz)" 10.640 512 548 598 681 448 520 526 625 interlace -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "512x448 NTSC (60Hz)" 10.740 512 548 599 683 448 472 478 525 interlace -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "640x480 PAL  (50Hz)" 13.320 640 672 734 852 480 540 545 625 interlace -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "640x480 NTSC (60Hz)" 13.400 640 672 734 852 480 488 493 525 interlace -hsync -vsync   

However most emulators render polygons and 3D geometric shapes through a graphical video engine, this means if we use higher resolutions we may benefit from sharper images. For most games it is advisable to use native TV resolution, except with some games that display lots of bitmap sprites that should be run at their native resolution to avoid artefacts. For example, Monopoly should be run at 512x448.

Sega Master System, ColecoVision

Modeline "256x192 PAL  (50Hz)" 5.320 256 274 299 341 192 242 245 312  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "256x192 NTSC (60Hz)" 5.370 256 274 299 342 192 221 224 262  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "248x192 PAL  (50Hz)" 5.320 248 270 295 341 192 242 245 312  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "248x192 NTSC (60Hz)" 5.370 248 270 295 342 192 221 224 262  -hsync -vsync     
Modeline "256x224 PAL  (50Hz)" 5.320 256 274 299 341 224 260 263 312  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "256x224 NTSC (60Hz)" 5.370 256 274 299 341 224 236 239 262  -hsync -vsync   

All graphics modes use the same pixel clock (within PAL or NTSC), this means the difference between these modes are the size of black borders. So an emulator set to use 256x224 with no stretching will produce the right result. Most games use 256x192 modes. Many thanks to Fil Evans to point out additional modes.

These emulators can be set to use these modes when switched to fullscreen:

Sega Mega Drive (Genesis)

Modeline "256x224 NTSC (60Hz)" 5.370 256 274 299 341 224 236 239 262  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "320x224 NTSC (60Hz)" 6.700 320 336 367 426 224 236 239 262  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "256x448 NTSC (60Hz)" 5.370 256 274 299 341 448 472 477 525 interlace -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "320x448 NTSC (60Hz)" 6.700 320 336 367 426 448 472 477 525 interlace -hsync -vsync   

Modeline "256x240 PAL  (50Hz)" 5.320 256 269 294 341 240 270 273 312  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "256x240 NTSC (60Hz)" 5.370 256 274 299 341 240 244 247 262  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "320x240 PAL  (50Hz)" 6.660 320 336 367 426 240 270 273 312  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "320x240 NTSC (60Hz)" 6.700 320 336 367 426 240 244 247 262  -hsync -vsync   

Modeline "256x480 PAL  (50Hz)" 5.330 256 269 294 341 480 540 545 625 interlace -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "256x480 NTSC (60Hz)" 5.370 256 274 299 341 480 488 493 525 interlace -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "320x480 PAL  (50Hz)" 6.660 320 336 367 426 480 540 545 625 interlace -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "320x480 NTSC (60Hz)" 6.700 320 336 367 426 480 488 493 525 interlace -hsync -vsync   

Sega Mega Drive (Sega Genesis in America) has various modes that are different depending on the machine region. PAL models used 256x240, 320x240 and 320x480 while NTSC ones used 256x224, 320x224 and 320x448. Modelines in this section include PAL modes with NTSC refresh rates because some emulators use them while playing NTSC games.

Useable emulators are:

Neo-Geo, CPS1 / CPS2

Modeline "304x224 PAL  (50Hz)" 6.327 304 319 349 405 224 262 265 312  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "304x224 NTSC (60Hz)" 6.365 304 319 349 405 224 236 239 262  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "320x224 PAL  (50Hz)" 6.660 320 336 367 426 224 262 265 312  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "320x224 NTSC (60Hz)" 6.700 320 336 367 426 224 236 239 262  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "320x240 PAL  (50Hz)" 6.660 320 336 367 426 240 270 273 312  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "320x240 NTSC (60Hz)" 6.700 320 336 367 426 240 244 247 262  -hsync -vsync   

Modeline "384x224 PAL  (50Hz)" 8.000 384 404 441 512 224 262 265 312  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "384x224 NTSC (60Hz)" 8.040 384 403 440 511 224 236 239 262  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "384x240 PAL  (50Hz)" 8.000 384 404 441 512 240 270 273 312  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "384x240 NTSC (60Hz)" 8.040 384 403 440 511 240 244 247 262  -hsync -vsync   

This machine has a single native resolution of 320x224, but some games will use 304x224. Also 320x240 modes will be useful because some emulators only let you select these modes, this is not a problem because they will not scale but leave black bars.

Arcade machines based on CPS1 and CPS2 have a resolution of 384x224, however 384x240 modes will also be useful.

TurboGrafx-16, PC-Engine

Modeline "256x240 NTSC (60Hz)" 5.370 256 269 294 341 240 244 247 262  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "352x240 NTSC (60Hz)" 7.383 352 370 404 469 240 244 247 262  -hsync -vsync   
Modeline "512x240 NTSC (60Hz)" 10.740 512 538 588 683 240 244 247 262  -hsync -vsync   

TurboGrafx-16 has several modes but most games use 256x240. An interesting fact about this game console is that it was only NTSC. PAL machines were really PAL-60, which meant they ran at NTSC refresh rates, so all games are designed for NTSC.

Games Sherlock Holmes Consulting Detective and Chris Covell's 'High-Resolution Slideshow' use 512x240 high resolution mode according to Wikipedia - TurboGrafx-16.

Adjustments

All modes in this document can be slightly readjusted in order to fit them to particular devices. Each mode follows this general format:

Modeline "Description" FF.FFF HHH HHI HHF HHT VVV VVI VVF VVT (options)

The following simple modifications can be done without redoing the entire mode.

Document completed on September 2007 by Jeroni Paul.
Copyright © 2007 Jeroni Paul.