The history of video games began in the 1950s and 1960s as computer scientists began designing
simple games and simulations on minicomputers and mainframes. Spacewar! was developed by
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) student hobbyists in 1962
as one of the first such games on a video display.
By the mid-1970s, low-cost programmable microprocessors replaced the discrete transistor–transistor logic circuitry of
early hardware, and the first ROM cartridge-based home consoles arrived, including the Atari Video Computer System (VCS).
Coupled with rapid growth in the golden age of arcade video games, including Space Invaders and Pac-Man,
the home console market also flourished.
The 1983 video game crash in the United States was characterized by a
flood of too many games, often of poor or cloned qualities, and the sector saw competition from
inexpensive personal computers and new types of games being developed for them. The crash prompted
Japan's video game industry to take leadership of the market, which had only suffered minor impacts from the crash.
Nintendo released its Nintendo Entertainment System in the United States in 1985, helping to rebound the
failing video games sector. The latter part of the 1980s and early 1990s included video games driven
by improvements and standardization in personal computers and the console war competition between
Nintendo and Sega as they fought for market share in the United States. The first major handheld
video game consoles appeared in the 1990s, led by Nintendo's Game Boy platform.
Source: Wikipedia
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