| Glamis I. Sandstone. Hunter's Hill, by Glamis. O.S. No NO 156 496. 4ft 10ins Tall x 7ft 3ins Wide x 6ins Thick. (150cms x 72cms x 14 cms) CLASS II. |
The Stone.
The stone is a narrow slab, flattish on
the Cross-side, but irregular on the Symbol-side. A big break
runs diagonally from the RH top to about midway LH, and there is
no way of knowing when this chunk came off, but there are, or were
a beast with a curly tail, sitting above a serpent, and touching
the bottom of the serpent's tail a partially buried mirror, all
down the raised RH side. Perhaps they will excavate around this
area if they do decide to move the stone, to see if there is a
fragment with other symbols on it.
This stone is regarded as a re-used Class I stone, but it might
just as easily be a Class II with the Pictish symbols squeezed
onto the back of the (to the sculptor) more important Cross.
Either that, or other symbols once occupied the other, (I would
imagine) easier side to carve.
The symbols are incised, and the Cross side is in low relief.
The stone currently stands beside a woodland path on the hill
South and East of the village of Glamis, called Hunter's Hill. It
has a low iron fence around it, and I read somewhere that this is
a handicap to photography, but there is precious little visible
left to make a decent photo anyway. The Cross side (facing South)
is particularly badly obscured by frondy mosses and lichens,
while the Symbol side is merely weathered. The Cross side is so
badly spoiled, I think, because the intricate carving has given
the elements more, and smaller, surfaces to work on. Judging by
the photo of the stone in ECMS, it has deteriorated quite badly
in the 100 years or so since the photo was taken.
It prompted me, once again, to wonder about how stones that were
photographed and recorded, not drawn or painted and subject
to an artist's perceptions and preferences, just a hundred years
ago, could be so badly weathered in that time. I am no geologist,
but perhaps someone who has some knowledge of the subject can
explain. Does it take a long time for stone to destabilize, and
then it disintegrates quickly once it's softened? The alternative
might be that they were sheltered somehow, until relatively
recently.
It is one of the stones that cry out for
conservation, but raise the ethical question of whether to "curate"
them for future generations, or let them fade away naturally, as
they have obviously outlived their original purpose, since no-one
has seen fit to maintain them, or replace them, for most of the
1200 or more years they have possibly been standing, until now.
The counter-argument is that they are too precious, and rare,
connexions to a segment of the history of Scotland to allow them
to disintegrate uncared-for. But. They are not convenient for the
modern tourist nor the landowners who do not wish to be bothered
with sight-seers, both of which are valid points. With expansion
of arable farming generally, and the mass draining of huge unused
tracts of the landscape, many of the stones have come within
fields that never existed before. The many fragments and damaged
stones that have been ploughed up already bear witness to this.
Unfortunately, I can see both sides of the argument. Perhaps the
compromise is that we put copies in museums, where
you are not allowed to touch them, anyway, and nobody is going to
be any the wiser ( besides, they are full of illustrations and
reconstructions and other fakery anyway), and leave the stones to
melt away in their original positions. As long as they are
faithfully reproduced at this stage of their deterioration, they
will be as good as real, for scholars, and handier for the
casually interested.
[There is an excellent example of this approach at the Meffan
Institute, Forfar, by the way.]
If you are visiting the stone, take the path that immediately
faces you. There is a barrier, so you can't take your car up, but
it is a pleasant walk up from the village, which has a heritage
museum, and the famous big Glamis II Stone in the Manse garden.
There are three fragments of other stones in the Kirk as well,
although two aren't seen as Pictish stones.There are also toilets
(which were open in the Winter, I was surprised and pleased to
see) just down from the car park. Walk out the easterly road from
the village square, towards the Forfar Road, and about 30 yards
diagonally across it there is an unmarked opening in the woodland.
Be wary. Although it looks rural, it is a busy and fast stretch
of road, and the entrance isn't far from a corner. The stone isn't
far up the trail, and sits to the left of it, quite easily seen.
There is talk of putting this stone in the Kirk for safekeeping,
and I think conservation and shelter is the only way this stone
has any value for the future.
It might be worth combining a series of visits to stones in this
area, or take this stone in while attending some of the events at
Glamis Castle, or some such, because frankly it isn't worth a
special visit as it is. If it is cleaned, it would be a different
story.
The Cross.
The Cross is comprised of four roughly equal-sized arms,
notched at the armpits, standing on a "base" which is
similar to the bottom panel of the cross itself. The centre of
the arms is a disc of a kind of key-pattern, still visible.
The topmost panel is interlace work that has a St Andrew's Cross
through its middle, above a criss-cross interlace. The right and
left arms each have two cresecent-shaped interlace works on the
outer 2/3rds and a rough bit of knotwork on the inner 1/3rd to
fill the space and resolve the laces of the main design. The
bottom panel is none-too-clear but apparently is some kind of
knotwork. Ditto the "base".
The top left space behind the cross has an angel with the
scrolled armpits where the upper and lower wings join. A similar,
but better carved version appears on the equivalent panel of the
Eassie Stone, just a few miles along the Meigle Road (same road,
opposite direction. [A94] ).
The top RH Panel has a pair of fighting men? The LH corner has
been broken off and the figure has been snapped off at the knees,
but enough of the arms survive to suggest that he is grasping the
wrist of his bird-headed opponent, and that they are a version of
the fighting pair on the Glamis II Stone. (The diagonal spear
with a ball-end, the holding the wrist, and the RH man's axe all
seem to be there, but unfortunately, the panel was too moss-covered
to do a proper search. I am relying here on the photo in ECMS.)
The lower left panel (it all seems to be one section) has a deer,
another deer below that, an indistinct patch, and something in a
rectangular frame which is not very distinct. I'm not too certain
about the last bit.
The RH side has two beasts, running, but with their tails
looped through their back legs. They look dog-like, but they have
three claws per paw.
Below this again a Triple Disc, with slightly squashed "handles",
and a "Flower" which is buried these days. The "Flower"
is reputed to have only one bloom, instead of three.
The Symbols.
The main body of the Serpent on the reverse is still quite
clear, but the head isn't. The Beast that once showed quite well
above the snake is reduced so badly that I thought it might be
the Goose symbol, with its feet erased ( ###), although I spotted
the hole in the tail (####) and thought it was the centre for
another symbol.
This misinterpretation underlines the hazards of observing a
stone without consulting the references beforehand. Sometimes it
helps to know what to look for, and sometimes you only see what
you are expecting to see. In this case, comparing my
sketches and notes with the earlier photo showed where I had gone
wrong. On the other hand, it provided a nice illustration of just
those hazards.
Similarly, the disc of the Mirror symbol which hangs from the Serpent's tail is faded so badly and seems to join into what must be a natural feature of the rock ie two parallel fissures, that I took it to be (#####). Yet again, when I compared notes with the photo, I could see (####) which is obviously part of a mirror.
N.B.
The Meffan Institute in Forfar has an audio-visual display of Standing Stones, which deviates from the standard designations of the stones, and this worth bearing in mind if you visit it.
Following the standard practice, the stones are as follows:-
Glamis I is the stone on Hunter's Hill.
Glamis II is the main Cross Stone in the Manse Garden at Glamis.
Glamis III is a fragment of cross-slab (not regarded as Pictish)
Glamis IV is a fragment with supposed Triple Oval on it, now in
Glamis Kirk.
Following the designations in the Meffan Institute they are:-
Glamis I is the one in the Manse Garden (II above).
Glamis II is the fragment of the top of a cross-slab found in
1967.
Glamis III is the fragment of cross-slab (III above).
Glamis IV is the fragment with Triple Oval (IV above)
The traditional Glamis I has been redesignated "Thornton".
I can see why someone would feel inclined to tidy things up, but there is already a tradition, and a considerable body of literature using that tradition, and this re-labelling just causes confusion for no gain. Why the stone found in 1967 wasn't just called "Glamis V", I don't know.