The following are select diseases or conditions pertaining to the urinary system and its structures and function (with a brief description of each condition or disease).

1. glomerulonephritis: inflammation of the kidney glomerulus.
2. interstitial nephritis: inflammation of the renal interstitium.
3. nephrolithiasis: kidney stones (renal calculi).
4. nephrotic syndrome: a group of symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine (also called nephrosis).
5. polycystic kidneys: multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and upon the kidney.
6. pyelonephritis: inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal medulla.
7. renal cell carcinoma: cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood.
8. renal failure: failure of the kidney to excrete wastes and maintain its infiltration function.
9. renal hypertension: high blood pressure resulting from kidney diease.
10. Wilms tumor: malignant tumor of the kidney occuring in childhood.
11. diabetes insipidius: inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of antidiurectic hormone (ADH).
12. diabetes mellitus: inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin.