2) The species Homo Sapiens is an organism, specifically an animal, a mammal.
3) As with most mammals, Homo Sapiens rely on social order and cooperation to survive. Our class of animal survives best this way.
4) Homo Sapiens also has a highly evolved brain, which allows it to delve into realms of abstract ideas and communication.
5) Homo Sapiens is unique in the animal kingdom as this particular species has developed something that no other species has: culture, which stems from it's special brain and potential for communication.
6) Homo Sapiens and it's evolutionary predecessors extending to about 5 million years ago have always depended on social contact, cooperation, and order to survive extinction. Therefore culture evolved.
7) Culture consists of and is brought about from the innovations of philosophy, communication, language, economy, cooperation, order, and understanding.
8) Society evolves from culture. Survival depends upon being able to contol oneself at a minimal level in society. Therefore the survival of the individual as well as the survival of the species depends upon being able to cooperate within the species. That is to say that individuals in our species (and society) who act in detrimental ways to our society by killing, stealing, raping, acting violent, and damaging resources are detrimental to social order, to individuals within the species, and therefore the survival of our species.
9) The survival of our species is dependant upon not only being able to control oneself at a minimal level in society, but also for our society to be able to take care of itself. This manifests in many ways. Take, for instance, two groups of individuals on an island. If one group has food, and shares with the second group, then the second group is very likely to assist the first group in another matter. Also, if one group has a specific technology it knows, and the other group knows how to harness a specific resource, each group benefits by sharing it's information with the other group.
10) All of the above has led to human cooperation, altruism, and our collective knowlege. Though many cultures and societies exist with specific rules of conduct and standards, the above has led to a specific list of almost universally accepted rules of conduct within our organized structures of society. Murder, thievery, property destruction, and rape are nearly universally "evil" across the globe, while generosity, intelligence, creativity, and industriousness are universally accepted as positive traits. Therefore there is a universal morality, a globally understood set of positive and negative traits and activities that helps our species and societies exist, as well as help our species come to grip with it's unique traits.
As far as basic human rights and decency are concerned, there are standards.
2) Though people are born free, they are born into a civilization that respects the freedom of all other individuals, and therefore collectively society has the right to establish rules that prohibit one person from harming or taking property or rights away from another person. Society has the right to establish objective laws.
3) Society does not have the right to establish laws that are arbitrary, or prohibit activities or practices that are not destructive to society or other individuals.
4) People have the right to their own opinions, to express those opinions, to communicate and organize, to hold any philosophy or religion, to believe what they will, to publish what they wish, and to think free.
5) All people have the same rights, and the right to life, liberty, and happiness.
6) People have the right to communicate, to learn, to cooperate, and to trade.
7) People have the right to fair and equal treatment within society and by law, regardless of race, creed, status, disability, sexual preference, and so on.