BOVINE

 

SUB-SECTIONS :

* Bos indicus (Zebuine Cattle)

* Bos taurus (European Cattle)

* Bubaline (Buffalo)

* Planned and Undefined-Origin Breeds

* Exploitation Systems

* Herd Grading

* Reproduction

* Artificial Insemination

* Husbandry

 

TIPS TO BEGINNERS

Viral and Bacterial Diseases - Examination and Prophilaxys:

            Should be checked annually for the occurrence of Brucelosis, Tuberculosis and Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease). At the age of 6 months and 1 year should be immunized against Foot and Mouth Disease (where endemic), Clostridial Agents (enclosed Black Leg [Clostridium chauvoei]), Anthrax [Bacillus anthracis], Leptospirosis, Campylobacter, Haemophilus, Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (BIR) e Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD). Further, animals should be re-immunized annually. In places where occur hematophagous bats or rabies-infected animals, prophylaxys should be done against that virus, observing the same terms estabilishe above.
 
Parasitical Diseases - Examination and Prophilaxys:

            Internal parasitosis should be checked bi-annually by faecal examination (worms) and blood (protozoos). In high-incidence regions, administration of anti-helminthic should begin at the age of 2 months with an interval of 2 months between each administration, in accordance to the animal weight. In extensive pasture system one can use the hygrometer method: Place an hygrometer (rain precipitation measure set) in the property and, when happens a peak of precipitation, administrate the anti-helminthic ater a week. The principal protozoosis are prevented by tick infestation control, vector agent, using acaricide baths or, more recently used, the periodical administration of ivermectin or doramectin or inseticide ear-rings. The chemical agents last referred also act against grubs and flies.
 
 

            Weaning:

            Weaning of calfs can be done after 4 months of age, provided management in ways calfs learn to feed themselves with solid supply (forage, ensilage, etc.) beggining in third month of life and that the animals verify well adapted. The earlier the weaning, better the improvement of milking cows and weight gain in beef cattle. Calfs should never be raised full time with the cow. Should have contact with her for nursing and feeding only early in the morning and in late afternoon, soon after milking, except in extensive pasture system. That management helps good food seizing by the cow and, consequently, better weight gain.
 

 
The directions contained in these pages are technical information based upon academic and literary knowledge. If you raise animals ask for veterinary medical assistance regularly.
 
 
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