1) If no variety is requested, the variety sent will best match the sent location.
2) Trees are bare root. They are sent in spring, March/April, because spring transplanting is most successful, especially using tree shelters.
3) Pollination/fruiting require that several different trees/varieties (same species) be planted near (100 feet) each other. Chestnut pollen will set seedless fruit on persimmon, but seeds stimulate larger fruit, so Szukis persimmon (good pollen & some fruit), or your local male persimmon tree is necessary.
4) Seedlings/strains approximate the fruit of their seed parent. Homeowners are directed to a few grafted trees whose fruiting is well known. A frigid location usually requires selecting for hardy trees, therefore planting of pounds of seed to select among. Poorest seedlings are removed (Pawpaw seed is truest to its seed parent).
5) Most seed is stratified, kept cool (34"F) and damp (50% air-dry peat moss & 50% wet-but-squeezed-out peat moss). Hazel, filbert, black walnut, butternut, persimmon, pawpaw, and chestnut need stratification (chestnut to not dry out or freeze). Persian walnut, hickory, pecan and heartnut can be held cool and humid for early spring revival by soaking in aerated water, then planting March/April.
6) Trees are guaranteed to be alive and leaf out when given prompt care, moist growing condition.  Wipe away of any buds that start growth below a graft union.

Persimmon and pecan leaf later than other transplants. Grafted persimmons and pawpaws sucker too freely from below the graft union so rub at least once.
7) Filbert is usually the easiest transplant to start, Pawpaw seems fragile, but try 1 gal acid watering (1 cup vinegar/5 gal water+liquid fertilizer). Filbert in the moist column of air in a tree shelter adds two for one years of growth. Pawpaw leafs adequately, but if summer heat (> 85F) comes before leaves top the shelter, the shelter must be cut lower, and add a flat board (or white kitchen bag on stakes) to give shade between 10:00 AM to 2:00 PM sun time, as pawpaw will bake in the shelter�filbert not.
8) Fish emulsion fertilizer is best for shelters/ transplants because stronger fertilizer is taken up too fast, and summer burns the tree leaves. Transplants, especially in tree shelters (also in a greenhouse) have pale green leaves, tempting people to fertilize too heavily with granular 15-15-15. Hardening off is poor. Yellow drain tile can be effective shelters, but drill 6 Swiss cheese 5/8 inch holes. Persimmon and chestnut harden tenderly and need wind and cool air to chimney up their shelters.� Shelters are removed after a few months, except stay on filbert. The yellow type is a permanent aid in sucker suppression.
9) Questions are usually best answered by email/phone when this list or the book ''Nut Growing O.S." is confusing. Self addressed stamped letters are for winter.

Species

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Quantity/Size

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~9%Tax NYaddress

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($5 minimum) 

20%Postage&H

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$40 Phytosanitary Certificate (typical out of USA) if needed

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�

Manchurian Walnut (Juglans ailantifolia)

Heartnut
(Juglans ailantifolia var.cordiformis)

Heartnut Hybrid
(J. a. c.X J.cinerea/nigra)

Black Walnut
(Juglans nigra)

 
Persian walnut
(hardy English)
(Juglans regia)

... nuts $2/oz , $5/lb. 30 nuts/lb: Covel� (OUT)�
... seedlings $8/ea 2.5ft:    (OUT)  
... graft wood at $2/ ft: COVEL

Heartnut:
... nuts $2/oz $5/ lb 30 nuts/lb: Imshu, cw3, locket�
... seedlings $8/2.5ft: cw3, Imshu strains�
... layered trees: (OUT)�
... grafted trees: (OUT)�
... graft wood $2/ft: STEALTH, LOCKET, BLUNT, & above
 

Heartnut Hybrid:
...nuts $2/oz,$5/lb 25 nuts/lb: (Dooley) (OUT)�
...seedlings:  (OUT)�
... graft wood $2 /ft: BAKER, DOOLEY, MITCHELL�

Black Walnut:
... nuts $2/oz, $5/lb, 15 nuts/lb: Rowher , Ohio �
... seedlings $8/ea 2.5': Emma K, E. Myers strains�
... grafted trees $25/ ea:� (OUT)�
... graft wood& $2/ft: EMMA K, SAC EMMA K,E.MYERS, SAUBER , HAMBLETON, FATEMY �

Persian Walnut:
... nuts @ $5/lb 20 nuts/lb: mix�
... seedlings $8/ea=2.5': (OUT)�
... grafted trees: (OUT)�
...graftwood $2 /ft SHREVE S3, CARLA�

Chestnut is a starch nut, like oak's acorn or potato, thus tolerates little freezing, drying or wetness on its hull. Planting chestnut is more demanding than other nuts, but is so similar that this illustration can be applied to most seed.. (Persian walnut should be planted with the suture seam vertical, after soaking in aerated water.)
Fall planting chestnut can be into a raised bed of well-drained sandy soil. A dry fall helps. Set the nut flat In a 2 inch deep furrow on the row bottom. Fill the furrow. This gives a soil cover of about the thickness of the nut,1 inch above the nut.
Spring planting chestnuts is more successful because spring has better conditions for growing a garden. By spring the chestnut has usually germinated under moist refrigeration, thus is pressed into the side of a 2-inch furrow. The root is directed to the bottom of the furrow. Cover the nut with soil mainly to hide the nuts from birds and frost. Rabbits smell-out the nuts. When the stem of a nut erupts it will break through a thin crust, but persimmon or pawpaw seed should be mulched with nearly an inch of sawdust/peat to loosen and keep the crust moist. Horse stable litter (mostly sawdust) is even better to hide the smell of nuts, but needs a prompt application of simazine to control some of the weeds.
Chestnuts illustrate how soil type can affect transplant recovery, and growth rate. Chestnuts like a dark humus soil/forest soil to maintain their growth for the first season. They fail in clayey, neutral/non-acid soil or subsoil, unless given a monthly over-the-foliage drench with fish emulsion fertilizer plus �Miracid� from March into September. Fertrell #1-sprayable may be ordered, 2 & 5 gal, (800)347-1566 directly from Fertrell.

Fall transplanting of bare root trees: Spring planting is similar.

The typical hole is the size and shape of a 5 gallon pail. Hold the root crown at the level of the original ground surface (never-at-standing-water locations) and maintain its position while pressing-in soil. Rod soil between roots. Roots may be cut only where � inch, or less, in diameter. Poke holes to receive roots if they exceed the dimensions of the hole. Water and probe the replant soil (even an elaborate transplanting will settle inches during winter).Mound earth 3 to 4 inches above the root crown (root crowns expel moisture, sense the weather, thus need to be above ground, but not for the first winter). Maintain the mound throughout leafing. It will subside within a year.
Seal all cut bark with Elmer's glue, or nail polish, as they occur. Wounds can be from broken tips, rabbit nicks, or pruning.

Tree shelters make spring transplanting most successful. Before tree shelters were used transplants would put on flushes of growth during wet periods, but wilt/defoliate during dry periods. The cell of moist air in a tree shelter conserves moisture until roots recover. New growth should be exiting the top of the shelter after 8 inches / 1 month of growth. Cut the tube lower to achieve exiting by July. Leaves remain pale green until exiting the shelter. Fish emulsion is the mild fertilizer to use because it does not burn the foliage and new roots as most salts (15-15-15) can in the hot, first year environment.
In September open the seam of the shelter with a stick to ventilate and harden the stem, or drill six 'Swiss cheese' pattern 5/8" holes

Pawpaw (Asimina triloba)






Persimmon
(Diospyros virginiana)

Mulberry (Morus alba X rubra)
Cherry Dogwood (Cornus mas)

Filbert Hybrid (Corylus avellan X americana)

Tree Filbert (Corylus colurna X hybrids)

Sweet Chestnut (Castanea mollissima X dentata X crenata)

...seed: $2/oz (about 30 seed): Pa Golden strain�
...seedlings: $4/ea 1ft, $6/ea 2ft,: Strains Mixed�
...grafted trees $15/ea: (OUT)�
...graft wood $ 2 /ft: PA GOLDEN 1, SAA ZIMMERMAN, TAYTWO, SAA OVERLEASE, NC-1,
Persimmon:
...seed $2/oz (about 50 seed): Prok�
...seedlings) $4/ea 1.5ft, $6/ea 2.5ft:� Strains mixed(most tend male)�
...on-own-roots $15/ea: KORP�
...grafted trees $15/ea: (OUT)��
...graft wood $2/ft: DICKIE, NC-10, G. LONG, PROK, KORP, YATES, EVELYN, G.RED, SZUKIS(bi-sexual), CAMPBELL, HESS,�
Mulberry:
...graft wood $2/ft: ILLINOIS EVERBEARING, COLLIER(semi-weeping mulberry),�
Cornelian CherryDogwood:
...graft wood $2/ft: BLACK PLUM (graft very early= before May here)�
Filbert:
...nuts $2/oz (5/oz), $8/lb,: (out)�
...seedlings $8/ea 3FT,: Slate strain�
...on-own-roots $12/ea: none�
...graft wood at $2/ft: SLAGEL (heavy cropping, Eastern Filbert Blight resistant)�
Tree Hazel Hybrid:
...nuts $2/oz 6/0z: (out)�
...seedlings: These �trees� make 30ft large gray bushes unless trained as trees. (out)�
...on-own-roots: $15/ea: none�
...grafted trees: $15/ea: none�
...graft wood: $2/ft: OB 1�
Chestnut Hybrid:
...nuts $2/oz, $5/lb (about 45/1b): Layeroka (Eur), Ridge (Jap), SAA Hemming (northern Chinese)(all nuts out)�
...nuts $1/oz $8/lb (about 60/1b): Douglass hybrids (3/4 native)(out)�
...seedlings $8/ea 3ft: seedlings chosen to match chosen name�
...graftwood $2/ft: ROW WARRIOR, ETTER l &2(Chinese), & above�

Tender species like persimmon and Chinese chestnut need hardening for winter. To show the qualities possible in shelters, a well adapted shelter is described here, formerly made by Tree Sentry Inc. of Perrysburg, Ohio. (Bailey's of Laytonville, CA 1-800-322-4539 sells a one piece design.) The TSI design clipped together so that the top would be removed before winter so that the 6" wide open top allowed turbulent air in to dry and harden the transplant for winter, even a pine, while the tree crown is protected from mice.  A protective browse mesh extended the total shelter height to 48". The mesh helps protect against larger hungry animals and still allows young trees feel the effects of the wind. Wind slows growth and firms the stem (so does the color yellow in yellow drain tile shelters). The open mesh also reduces the occurrence of seedling die-back associated with too-tall-sealed shelters.  Recently the Pennsylvania growers have been drilling 5/8" holes at six inch centers (Swiss cheese fashion) so breeze will blow

 through the left-on shelters, and toughen the trees by vibrating and cooling the trees.  The surest way to start pawpaw seed outdoors is to plant eight seed in the ring of condensation about 1 inch inside the tepee shelter's rim (or similarly cut
plastic jug). Cover with 1 inch of peat soil. Water to makeup 1 inch of rain per week. Pawpaw will terminate growth months early if grown in pH 7 garden soil. Thus, the make-up water should be one cup of vinegar (or 1 Tablespoon of citric acid crystal) per 5 gallons of a water-liquid fertilizer tea, June through August (also great for chestnut, filbert, persimmon and nut pine). Also, because pawpaw germinates best at 80-85'' F, it is quickest and. best to start them in a bag of damp peat in a south window and move the starts out weekly. After the pawpaws are 3 inches tall cats will no longer till the light soil, and shelters should be removed. These new seedlings, new transplants, and new grafts often need temporary shade from 10:00 AM to 2:00 PM sun time. White plastic kitchen bags on stakes work well. Tree shelters do not shade well enough.

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Shagbark Hickory 
(Carya ovata)

Shellbark Hickory 
(Carya   laciniosa)


Hican
(Carya illinoensis X C. laciniosa/ovata
/cordata)

�Northern Pecan
(Carya illinoensis)

Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)

tree shelter

Soft cover Book Nut Growing Ontario Style

...nuts $2/oz, $8/lb 50/lb: Grafted (out)�
...seedlings $8/ea 2.5ft: Weschcke strain (out)�
...grafted trees @ $25/ea: WESCHCKE, PORTER(out)�
...graft wood @ $2/ft: NEILSON, PORTER,YODER#1,& above�
Shellbark:
...nuts $2/oz, $5/lb 20 nuts/lb: Fayette, Henry (out)
...seedlings $8/ea 2.5ft,: Fayette strain
...grafted trees $25/ea: FAYETTE (out)
...graft wood $2/ft: PLEASANT CREEK, LEATHER LEAF (Dooley's ornamental), CES-24, & above.

Hican:
...nuts $2/oz, $12/lb 60/lb: Abbott "Pecan" (paper shell),
...seedlings $8/ea 2.5ft: Abbott �Pecan� (these Abbott are from mirror identical trees at Fulton, IL which are yellow bud, upland "pecan" trees that are productive, self pollinating (isolated) and uniform in this isolated group of three.)
...grafted trees: none (seedling Abbotts are valuable-as-is due to uniformity and already being upland stock; just as pecan is a lowland tree, hican is the upland tree or stock, which survives drought much better than pecan.)
...graft wood @ $2/ft: HENKE, KREIDER, HY-6, MARQUARDT, & above.
Pecan:
...nuts $2/oz, $10/lb 60 nuts/lb, NY grown: mix� (OUT)
...seedlings $8/ea 2.5ft: Snaps (papershell/earliest NY ripe like DEERSTAND&OAKS, one week later than HENKE Hybrid)
...grafted trees $25/ea: (out)
...graftwood @ $2/ft: SNAPS, DEERSTAND, OAKS, DIKEN, DEJAY, GIBSON, FRITZ FLAT.
Autumn Olive
...seedlings $4/ea 2ft: Rochester strain

Shelter
...$2/ea 30"x4" diameter smoke color, corrugated inside, outside smooth polyethylene with 2 wire ties, but no stake

...book $12/ea: 172 page soft cover book published by the Society of Ontario Nut Growers. Chapters on the nuts and fruit listed above, plus planting, grafting, layering and breeding these fruit and nut types. Illustrated with line drawings.