How terrorism effects the economy
Little in this book will be unfamiliar to the specialist. how terrorism effects the economy Electronic terrorism. But it presents an immensely valuable snapshot of where the world stands vis-a-vis the threat, and how the worst possibilities might be minimized. Early on, Stern addresses one of the most intriguing questions about the subject: Why now? Why have we become so much more concerned about wmd terrorism than we were 20 or 30 years ago? After all, gas was used extensively in World War I, and biological and chemical agents have been considered effective weapons for several decades. Her answers fall into two broad categories: the changing motivations and technical capabilities of terrorists, and recent conditions and behaviors of some countries. how terrorism effects the economy Fat free diet. Her arguments for the importance of the former are less persuasive than for the latter. More precisely, the interest in these weapons by terrorists seems in large measure to be a consequence of state actions. Stern believes that "a new breed of terrorists"-religious fanatics, right-wing extremists, apocalyptic cults-are more inclined to use weapons of mass destruction. how terrorism effects the economy Phentermine antidepressant combination. But kooks and fanatics who commit indiscriminate violence in the name of politics or religion were around long before this decade. And the technical know-how for making many types of chemical and biological weapons has been publicly available for most of this century. A nuclear device is far more difficult to make, and therefore less likely to be used by a terrorist-unless, of course, the weapon is obtained through state auspices, which leads to the importance of state actors in explaining the new interest in wmd terrorism. Here Stern is on solid ground as she explores the basis for heightened concerns. The book has two particularly informative chapters: one on Russia titled "The Threat of Loose Nukes," the other on Iraq called "The State as Terrorist. " The chapters nicely outline what are, in my judgment, the main reasons that wmd terrorism is more worrisome now. In the case of Russia, the threat comes not from a government that might arm terrorists. Rather, the problem is the uncertain control over the chemical and nuclear arms left over from the Soviet era, plus the thousands of underemployed scientists who work in the nuclear, chemical, and biological programs. The collapsed Russian economy has meant less oversight of the country's stockpiles and more corruption in general. Underpaid scientists and other officials with access to weapons might be tempted to sell them and the knowledge to build them to organized crime, other countries, or terrorists. Stern writes, "The most significant threats to U. S. national security now arise not from Russia's military might but from its weakness. "In contrast to Russia, Iraq seems a more plausible candidate to intentionally provide terrorists with horror weapons. In describing Iraq's weapons programs, Stern recalls that the country used chemicals against Iran and its own Kurdish citizens. Moreover, Iraq has failed to abide by its agreement after the 1991 Gulf War to allow U. N. inspectors to verify that its unconventional weapons programs have been completely dismantled. Stern cites an especially troubling 1997 statement by Iraq's Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz.
How terrorism effects the economy
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