Vocal Health
         Habitual coughing and throat clearing: The arytenoid cartilages, which control the movement of the vocal folds, are pushed together quickly.  This causes the vocal folds to tightly adduct and "smack together" until the air is suddenly roughly forced through the vocal folds.  This irritates the delicate tissue of the vocal folds, leading to swollen, red tissue.

        
Straining the voice:  Shouting, trying to talk over noise, and excessive talking can also cause irritation of the vocal folds, especially when dealing with a cold, sinus infection, or an upper respiratory tract infection.

          Pollutants in the air pass through the vocal tract and past the vocal folds.  The tiny particles rub against the vocal folds, irritating them.  This is how cigarette smoke can cause problems for the singer.  Singers should avoid smoky atmospheres.  Obviously, singers should never smoke.  If you must smoke, don't bother being a singer.
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