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| John white's watercolors give you the prime example of the Saponi and Mattamuskeet. Hair style for men was a Mohawk. Clothing usually consisted of a blanket wore in a Toga fashion which wasalso a common regular dress style for the Aztec. Usually a Red and Blue feather in the hair and ears. Some would have their forehead flattened shortly after child birth by having a piece of wood placed agianst the child's head untilt he skull started to grow with aslight flattened look, this was also common among the Mayan. Bear grease was often used in the hair. Cooper arm bands was highly seen, mainly because the Monacan mined Cooper. Conch Shell gorgets with the engraving (in a dot style and the dots filled with red or blue paint) of the Tribal emblem in the center was around the neck. Sometimes a stone shaped intoa square was used. Pearl necklaces was often seen. Also a wrist band was often woren. Blue and Red beads was often used as well. The Tuscarora wore Red and Blue beads in their hair (even though the Tuscarora is generally a different language speaker, it is probal that the Saponi and Mattamuskeet also wore Red and Blue beads in the hair). Cowrie shells have been found in many of the tribes in NC among the Siouans and Algonkians, It is known that in every tribe around the world that was a island or coastal tribe wore Cowrie shells in the hair, since Cowrie shells are small it may had been hard for John White to have included them in his water colors....or maybe just he ones he painted did not have any, I have Cowrie shells in my hair and sometimes people do not notice them at first glance. The Saponi and Mattamuskeet love all types of things a person finds on the beachs such as shells and pearls. The Siouan speaking Pee Dee tribe of NC would even put Cowrie shells on their clothing. Wampum shells was highly prized among any ofther shell, aften used as a trade item kinda like money, today Wampum is very expensive. Tribes in the old days would actually put Wampum on a string and as they went to trade they would untie a knot to take off the amount ofWampum needed for a item then retie the knot. Strings could be made out of a type of Silk grass and Hemp.....as the Tuscarora's name means "Hemp Gatherers", and that was a close tribe then it is known Hemp was around these tribes and it is well known Hemp makes good rope and clothing material. Normally there was not much body hair because the tribes would use a sea shell to pluck body hair. For cutting hair on the head a type of grass was probally used as the tribes in South America is known to use a type of grass to cut the hair on the head. Quartz was another item found often among these tribes, usually clear Quartz was used for Arrowheads. The body would have sacred designs either painted or tattooed depending on the person. The Haida tribe out West (unrelated) has a story about the sacred body tattoos......in their story it is believed when a person dies and they meet the old women she would check over the body for the sacred tattoos....if she did not find them then the person was pushed off the path and forced to wonder the earth never being able to be reincarnated for another attempt at the trial of life. It is believed that until the natives was being brought to Christianity, many tribes used Tattoos more than body paint for their sacred markings, they was later taught that tattoos was a sin and thus body paint replaced the sacred markings. Due to many English and other newcomers thinking tattoos was a sin...it became the least recorded subject in the entire Native American communties. It is highly known the Iroqious had tattoos ( Neither the Saponi nor Mattamuskeet was iroqious, except later some Saponi joined the 5 Nations under the Cayuga, and some joined the Bertie county, NC Tuscarora).....when several of the Saponi joined the 5 nations (a Iroqious nation) a description was wrote about them.....in it the differences between the two tribes was recorded.....no where was Tattoos wrote about, so if you take two people, one tattooed and one not then asked to write the differences in the two, the difference that would be number would be tattoos...that was not the case here. Also the John White watercolors look very much like the Tapped in style of tattoos, some of his water colors shows body paint used but you can defiently notice the difference between the two in his paintings since he represented both. There was also a sacred fire which was never put out in each person's home. There would be a festival held....at this festival a great fire would be held.....at the end of the fesitval each household would lit a sit from the fire, this lit stick would be carried to the home to lite the fire inside the home. It was to never be put out. People from other tribes who came to this festival would carry their stick back to their tribe's homes as well (These festivals was probally for all the tribes of their nation). Tomahawks was often found. Some Tomahawks used was also a smoking pipe which symolbized peace and war. Most Tomahawks found was made of a solid stone with a hand grip carved into the same stone. Clay smoking pipes are often found, some have the image of a animal or person carved into it. Arrows is often found. Arrowheads was usually made of clear quartz. Red and Blue feathers was used. The Feathers was attached with pine tree sap and then tied with Sinu which was gotten from Deers. the shaft of the arrow was usually dyed red or blue and sometimes various designs painted alone the shaft. Sometimes pieces of glass was used for arrowheads. Red or Vermillion ( a redish orange color) which was the actual sacred color was gotten from the root of a special plant however Vermillion is toxic. Blue was often made by indigo or blue berries. Color pigments would be added to Bear grease to make body paint. Buffalo horns was often used for Spoons, it was believed that if any poison touched a Buffalo horn then the horn would break. The tail of animals like the Cow would be hung from the waist of some tribes people among the Saponi and Mattamuskeet. Clothing was usually made from Animals like the Deer. A bag was usually attached to the waist. The Mattamuskeet liked Long houses, but the Saponi liked a more round style housing. Both liked to put trees around their villages to form a fence to keep animals and enemies away better. The Saponi later started to be fond of Log Cabins as did the Mattamuskeet. The Saponi reservation in Brunswick, NC had all their houses made as log cabins which this style was kept into the 1900's on Newman's ridge. Totem poles with a face carved into the top part was often used by the Mattamuskeet. |
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