This Year's Case
   
  • In the middle 1970's the Government took a decision to allow the use of an allotted portion of land belonging to it as a dumping site for building materials and other urban refuse. The use of this land for this purpose continued over a considerable number of years, running over to the present time. The site in question is still being used as a dumping site. Over these years a veritable hill has been built out of this dumping, consisting of rubble and undifferentiated waste products. No particular negative effects to this practice were perceived initially. Eventually the development started releasing toxic fumes and substances, which even stated effecting the sub-soil. Adjacent properties were negatively effected. In particular a chicken farm sited in the area found that it was no longer safe or commercially viable to breed chicken on the farm. The release of the toxic substances from the waste dump effected negatively the quality of its products and made them unsafe for human consumption. The owner of the farm has decided to claim damages against the Government as a result of the development. The owner has obtained expert reports attesting to the toxicity of the substances released from the dumping site as well as to the negative effects the proximity of the site has on chicken breeding. The presence of the dumping site in the vicinity of the chicken farm makes the farm ill suited, unhealthy, and economically non viable. It is important to bear in mind that the chicken farm pre-existed the creation of the rubbish dump. It is also important to note that initially no adverse effects were noted on the farm as the dump was of moderate size and the release of toxic substances had as yet not manifested itself.

  • It is the brief of the lawyers for the plaintiff, the owner of the farm, to prepare a claim against the appropriate Government authorities based on the facts above described. The lawyers for plaintiff must identify the appropriate authorities against which the action is to be brought, the basis for action against the chosen defendants, and the argued pleadings on the basis of the facts above disclosed.

  • The brief for the lawyers for the defendants is to raise such pertinent pleas as appear to them proper in the light of the authorities being sued and the basis of the claims made, and to prepare the written argued pleadings in defence.

    Il-kaz

    Fis-sebghinijiet, il-Gvern iddecieda li jalloka bicca art, li kien jappartjeni lilu, biex tintuza bhala mizbla ghall-iskart mill-industrija tal-bini, kif ukoll skart iehor urban. L-art intuzat ghal dan l-iskop ghal zmien twil, u fil-fatt ghada hekk qed tintuza sa llum il-gurnata. Ghalkemm fil-bidu hadd ma ntebah bl-effetti hziena li l-mizbla setghet ikollha, peress li kienet ghada zghira u ma kienetx bdiet tnigges l-ambjent b�sustanzi tossici, biz-zmien l-ammont ta�skart zdied b�mod ezagerat. Fil-fatt il-mizbla saret gholja ta�gebel u skart ta� kull tip, b�mod li sustanzi tossici bdew johorgu minnha u niggsu z-zona tal-madwar, specjalment is-"sub soil". Il-proprjeta` kollha ta� madwar il-mizbla kienet affetwata b�mod negattiv. B�mod partikolari kien affetwat razzett tat-tigieg li kien jezisti minn zmien qabel il-mizbla f�dawk in-nahat. Dana minhabba li s-sustanzi tossici hergin mill-mizbla hassru l-kwalita` tal-prodotti mir-razzett, tant li t-tigieg ma setghux jitkabbru f�dak il-post ghax ma baqghux tajbin ghall-konsum.

    Billi r-razzett kellu jaghlaq, sid ir-razzett, il-bidwi Joe Borg, iddecieda jaghmel kawza kontra l-gvern ghad-danni li sofra minhabba l-mizbla. Ghal dan l-iskop is-sid gab rapporti ta� esperti li juru, kemm li s-sustanzi li johorgu mill-mizbla huma tossici, kif ukoll li l-fatt li l-mizbla tinsab hdejn razzett ihalli effetti hziena fuq il-biedja. Il-prezenza tal-mizbla hdejn ir-razzett tat-tigieg jaghmel ir-razzett "ill suited, unhealthy, and economically non-viable".

    L-avukati ta� l-attur, is-sid tar-razzett, ghandhom jaghmlu kawza kontra l-Prim Ministru u l-Avukat Generali. Fic-citazzjoni ghandu jkun hemm inkluz il-bazi tal-kawza u kwalunkwe sottomissjonijiet ulterjuri.

    L-obbligu tad-difiza huwa li tqajjem l-eccezzjonijiet kollha li jidhrilha xierqa.






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    Last Year's Case
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    Fil-Qorti Kriminali



    ATT TA' AKKUZA,


    Nru. 1000/2000



    IR-REPUBBLIKA TA' MALTA



    kontra



     

                        Giovanni sive John Borg ta' tnejn u erbghin sena, imwieled Birkirkara bin Andrew sive Indri u


     

                        James Bridges ta' erbghin sena, imwieled Dorset I-Ingilterra bin George


    L-Avukat Generali f' isem ir-Repubblika ta' Malta jghid


    Illi fl-ewwel (1) ta' Marzu tas-sena elfejn (2000) Giovanni sive John Borg, persuna residenti f' Malta, kkomunikat bit-telefon ma' James Bridges, persuna residenti fl-Ingilterra. Giovanni sive John Borg hedded lill-imsemmi James Bridges li kien joqtlu jekk ma jaccettax li joqtol lil certu Joe Grech, persuna ohra residenti f' Malta. James Bridges ceda ghat-theddid ta' Giovanni sive John Borg u accetta li joqtol lil Joe Grech.


    In esekuzzjoni tal-pjan li joqtol lil Joe Grech l-istess James Bridges immanifattura ittra-bomba Ii baghat bil-posta lil Joe Grech f' Malta u dan bil-hsieb li joqtlu jew li jqieghed il-hajja ta' l-istess Joe Grech f' periklu manifest. Illi qabel ma 1-ittra bomba msemmija waslet fid-destinazzjoni taghha Giovanni sive John Borg rega bdielu u ma xtaqx izjed li joqtol lil Joe Grech. Ghalhekk, Giovanni sive John Borg iddecieda li jaghmel dak kollu possibli sabiex isalva l-hajja ta' Grech. Di fatti Borg rega qabad bit-telefon lill-imsemmi James Bridges fl-Ingilterra u informah li kien biddel il-hsieb tieghu u li kien qieghed jirrevokalu l- mandat li kien tah biex joqtol lil Grech. Fil-frattemp, izda, 1-ittra-bomba kienet gia fi triqta bil-posta ghal ghand Grech. Illi James Bridges, ghalhekk minnufih qabad ma Joe Grech bit-telefon u avzah sabiex ma jaghmel ebda tentatttiv biex jiftah kwalunkwe ittra li tkun giet impostata l-Ingilterra ghaliex din setghet tkun 1-ittra-bomba li hu kien baghatlu. Grech, izda, ddecieda li jinjora t-twissijiet ta' James Bridges u meta rcieva l-ittra fi kien baghatlu Bridges huwa xorta fetahha ghalkemm kien intebah mit-timbru tal-posta li l-ittra kienet giet impostata l-Ingilterra. Meta Grech fetah l-ittra huwa skatta l-bomba li splodiet u korrietu serjament;


    Illi fi ftit hin waslet l-ambulanza li fiha gie mghobbi Grech li gie ammess l-isptar u inghata l-kura medika necessarja minnufih. Grech tqieghed fuq apparat biex jissostitwilu d-demm u l-fluwidi l-ohra li kien tilef minhabba l-griehi li sofra. It-telf ta', fluwidi kien jirrizulta fi Grech jaqa' fi stat ta' xjokk liema stat kien eventwalment jiikkawza l-mewt ta' Grech. Waqt fi kien fil-ward jistenna li jigi operat, izda, Joe Grech qabdu attakk ta' nervi u fil-frustrazzjoni li kien qieghed ihoss dak il-hin tajjar minn fuqu t-tubi li kienu qeghdin jaghtuh il-fluidi biex jirrimpjazzaw dawk li kien tilef il-konsegwenza kienet li Grech waqa' fi stat ta' xjokk li minnu ma regax irkupra u miet flit hin wara,


    Il-Qorti ta' l-Appell Kriminali b' sentenza. ta' l-ghaxra (10) ta' Gunju elf disa' mija sitta u disghin (1996) fil-kawza bl-ismijiet "Ir- Repubblika ta' Malta vs. Giovanni sive John Borg" l-akkuzat Giovanni sive John Borg kien instab hati ta' reat u gie kundannat ghall-piena ta' prigunerija ghall-perjodu ta' sena;


    Illi b'sentenza tal-Qorti tal-Magistrati tas-sitta (6) ta' Gunju elf disa' mija tmienja u disghin (1998) fil-kawza bl-ismijiet "The Police vs. James Bridges" l-akkuzat James Bridges instab hati ta' delitt u gie kundannat ghall-piena ta' prigunerija ghall- perjodu ta' tmintax-il xahar liema sentenza giet sospiza ghall-perjodu ta' sentejn.


    Illi b'ghemilhom I-imsemmija Giovanni sive John Borg u James Bridges, recidivi f' reat, saru hatjin ta' omicidju volontarju u cioe' talli dolozament. bil-hsieb li joqtlu persuna jew li jqieghdu il-hajja taghha f' perikolu car, ikkagunawlha l-mewt. Ghaldaqstant l-Avukat Generali fl-isem fuq imsemmi jakkuza lill-imsemmija Giovanni sive John Borg u James Bridges, recidivi f' reat, hatjin ta' omicidju volontarju u cioe talli dolozament, bil-hsieb li joqtlu persuna jew li jqieghdu l-hajja taghha f' perikolu car, ikkagunawlha l-mewt; jitlob illi jinghamel skond il-ligi kontra l-imsemmija akkuzati u illi Giovanni sive John Borg u James Bridges jigu kkundannati ghall-piena ta' prigunerija ghall-ghomor biz-zieda tal-piena tar-rekluzjoni ghal mhux aktar minn tnax-il perijodu jew billi jizdiedu pieni ohra stabbiliti fir-regolamenti tal-habs skond dak li hemm u jintqal fl-artikoli 31(1)(b)(e), 49, 50, 211 u 533 tal-kodici Kriminali jew ghal kull piena ohra li tista' skond il-ligi tinghata ghall-htija. tal-imsemmija akkuzati.


    U peress li l-imsemmi James Bridges sar hati ta' reat li sar matul il-perjodu operattiv tas-sentenza fuq imsemmija moghtija minn din l-Onorabbli Qorti fis-sitta (6) ta' Gunju elf disa' mija tmienja u disghin (1998) fl-ismiiiet "The Police vs. James Bridges" u li kienet giet sospiza ghall-Perjodu ta' sentejn l-Avukat Generali jitlob li skond dak li hemm provdut fl-artikolu 28B tal-Kodici kriminali din l-Onorabbli Qorti joghgobha. tordna, li tibda ssehh l-istess sentenza, li permezz taghha l-istess James Bridges instab hati ta' delitt u gie kundannat ghall-piena ta' prigunerija ghal perjodu ta' tmintax-il xahar.


    Avukat anzjan tar-Repubblika



                        Fil-Qorti Kriminali


                        ATT TA'AKKUZA,

     

                        Nru. 1000/2000


     

                        IR-REPUBBLIKA TA' MALTA


     

                        kontra


     

                        Giovanni sive John Borg ta' tnejn u erbghin sena, imwieled Birkirkara bin Andrew sive Indri u


     

                        James Bridges ta' erbghin sena, imwieled Dorset l-Ingilterra bin George.


    IL-QORTI:


    Wara li rat I-Att ta' Akkuza Nru. 1000/2000 fl-ismijiet premessi;


    Tordna lill-akkuzati jaghmlu nota ta' osservazzjonijiet dwar il-punti legali involuti fid-deliberazzionijiiet dwar I-Att ta' I-Akkuza inkluzi minghajr pregudizzju, kwalunkwe osservazzjoni dwar il-piena li ghandha tinghata lill-akkuzati fil-kaz li jinstabu hatja tar-reati dedotti kontra taghhom.

    Firmat: Imhallef Glormu Montebello


        

     
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