1- Leaf removal affected bud development to reach the burst stage a bit earlier than those on the untreated vines.
2- The percentage of bud burst on the basal part of the cane increased as a result of defolas compared with the control, and this increase was the highest with 20% leaf removal than 60%.
3- The percentage of bud burst on middle parts of the canes decreased with severe leaf removal.
4- The buds on the terminal parts of the canes gave higher percentage of bud burst within 20% defoliation than controls while the other two leaf removal severities decreased bud burst percentage less than controls.
5- The terminal buds gave higher percentage of bud burst than those on the basal or middle parts of the cane.
6- Bud fertility was the highest for terminal buds and decreased descendingly towards the basal buds on the cane.
7- Defoliation decreased bud fertility in a positive relation to defoliation severity.
8- The percentage of vegetative buds on the basal and terminal parts of canes increased as a result of defoliation as compared with control. This increment was negatively correlated with leaf removal severity.
9- Leaf removal did not show any clear trend for the vegetative buds in the middle parts of the cane.
10- The prebloom leaf removal had no effect on the blooming date.
11- Under conditions of this study, leaf removal had no effect on berry set percentage as compared with controls.
12 - Berry drop increased as a result of leaf removal and the critical period of fruit drop was from 20 April to 15 May which led to conclude that the horticultural practices must be carried out very carefully during this critical period.
13- Number of shoots per vine, leaves number and shoot length were decreased by leaf removal.
14- Leaf area (assimilation leaf area) as determined for individual leaf, shoot and whole vine were decreased by different defoliation treatments.
15- Cluster number per vine decreased as defoliation increased.
16- Defoliation treatments showed no significant effect on cluster weight.
17- The yield per vine decreased by increasing leaf removal which led to conclude that 40% or 60% defoliation had a harmful effect on vineyard productivity.
18- The physical characteristics of cluster presented as length, weight and volume of 100 berries, percentage of shot berries, water berries, and sun-burn berries did not affect by defoliation, while cluster width decreased as a result of leaf removal.
19- The chemical characteristics of berries showed that TSS and TSS/acid ratio were increased by defoliation treatments while acidity did not affect.
20- Length of matured part of shoot was decreased by leaf removal treatments, while wood ripening coefficient and colour index did not affect.
21- Total carbohydrates in the three parts of the cane were significantly decreased as a result of defoliation.
22- Summer pruning delayed bud burst stage and this period ranged between 1 to 9 days.
23- Bud burst percentage decreased with postbloom pruning treatment than with veraison stage pruning treatment, and the later treatment showed a linear increase in bud burst percentage from base of the cane towards its top while the former treatment did not appear this linear increase.
24- Pruning severity showed that T5 gave the lowest percentage of bud burst while T2 seemed to give the highest value.
25- Regarding pruning time, T5 after blooming decreased bud burst percentage at different parts of the cane less than at veraison stage pruning treatments.
26- Bud fertility was the lowest when summer pruning was carried out after blooming as compared with that done at veraison stage. But fertility was the highest for buds on the middle part of the cane and was the lowest for buds on the basal parts. Moreover, bud fertility decreased with increasing pruning severity. From the obtained data it seemed that postbloom pruning decreased bud fertility for all bud locations as compared with late pruning.
27- Buds on the three parts of the cane gave higher percentage of vegetative bud when vines prunedafter blooming compared with those pruned at veraison stage. This was evident in the two seasons while in the third season the reverse was true.
28- The percentage of vegetative buds, in general, decreased with increasing pruning severity.
29-Different levels of summer pruning showed slight effects on the blooming and cap fall date. T4 seemed to be the more effective treatment. On the other hand, pruning time had no obvious directions.
30- Summer pruning at veraison stage stage increased shoot length, thickness and leaf number more than after blooming pruning.
31- Pruning, generally, decreased vegetative growth and extent of decrease, which was positively correlated with pruning severity. This led to conclude that severe summer pruning is not preferable in vineyards.
32- Yield of vines treated with pruning at veraison stage stage was higher than those pruned after blooming.
33- The severe pruning treatment (T5), after blooming, gave the lowest yield while the light pruning treatment (T2), at veraison stage, had the highest yield.
34- Physical characters of the cluster did not affect by time of summer pruning but pruning severity decreased cluster length and width and 100 berries weight and volume.
35- Physical characters of the berries differed in their response to pruning severity. After blooming pruning decreased the percentage of shot berries and increased sun-burn berries as compared with at veraison stage pruning, while water berries percentage was not affected.
36- Vines treated with severe pruning had the lowest percentage of shot berries and water berries while those treated with moderate or light pruning had the highest percentage of shot and water berries. Sun-burn berries showed no clear trend.
37- Chemical characteristics of the berries showed that TSS increased in the berries of vines which were pruned at veraison stage than in those of vines treated after blooming. Total acidity and TSS/acid ratio showed fluctuated trends. Moreover, pruning severity had no clear effect on these characteristics.
38- Pruning time had no obvious effect on wood maturity presented as length of ripening part, wood ripening coefficient and colour index, while pruning severity negatively affected the length of ripening part.
39- Pruning time had no significant effects on the total carbohydrate content in any of the three parts of the cane during the three seasons.
40- Pruning severity showed a linear decrease in the total carbohydrates with increasing pruning severity and this decrease was sharp in the basal part of the cane but less in the middle and terminal parts of the cane.