Pharmacology of Antimicrobials and Cytotoxic drugs
1. Metronidazole:
a. produces a furred tongue on long-term therapy.
b. sometimes colors urine brownish-red.
c. is used in the treatment of trichomoniasis.
d. is converted to the active form in susceptible anaerobes.
2. Sulfonamides:
a. can cause crystalluria.
b. are secreted into breast milk.
c. can cross the placenta proper.
d. can displace bilirubin from plasma protein binding sites.
3. Sulfamethoxazole:
a. is a precursor of para-aminobenzoic acid.
b. inhibits the enzyme.
c. is the sulfonamide present in cotrimoxazole.
d. is used in place of para-aminobenzoic acid by susceptible bacteria.
4. Gentamicin:
a. acts on susceptible organisms by inhibiting protein synthesis.
b. is mostly excreted unchanged by the kidneys.
c. is extensively mobilized by the liver.
d. forms a complex with carbenicillin when given in the same infusion fluid.
5. Adverse effects of chloramphenicol:
a. bone marrow depression.
b. grey baby syndrome.
c. suprainfection.
d. ototoxicity.
6. Penicillin G:
a. is a benzylpenicillin.
b. is a bacteriostatic antibiotic.
c. resistance is usually in the result of the production of penicillase by bacteria.
d. is given orally.
7. The mechanisms of the following antibiotics are as indicated:
a. penicillin: inhibition of cell wall synthesis.
b. chloramphenicol: inhibition of protein synthesis.
c. amphotericin B: interference with cell membrane activity.
d. rifampicin: interference with RNA synthesis.
8. Hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin:
a. can occur with all penicillin.
b. are dependent on the dosage.
c. can occur only after previous exposure to the drug.
d. can be fatal.
9. Rifampicin:
a. is a bacteriocidal antibiotic.
b. acts by preventing synthesis of RNA polymerase.
c. well absorbed after oral administration.
d. undergoes enterohepatic circulation.
10. Isoniazid:
a. inhibits the hydroxylation of phenytoin.
b. penetrates the CSF.
c. can cause pellagra.
d. causes peripheral neuritis.