Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacology of Autonomic nervous system drugs, Autocoids

51.    The general pharmacological properties of non-catechol sympathomimetic amines include:

a.    CNS excitation.

b.    anorexia action.

c.    vasoconstriction.

d.    decrease in heart rate.

52.    The following refers to the acetylator status of individuals:

a.     variation in the acetylator status follows a normal frequency distribution.

b.     inhibition of phenytoin metabolism by isoniazid is greater in fast acetylators.

c.     slow acetylators are more likely to experience toxicity induced by acetylated metabolites.

d.     the majority of Chinese in Singapore are fast acetylators.

53.    Malathion:

a.     is metabolized into an inactive derivative in man.

b.     forms a stable complex with nicotinic receptors.

c.     is easily absorbed through the skin.

d.     effects can be antagonized by atropine.

54.   Hyoscine:

a.     is a specific antagonist at nicotinic receptors.

b.     does not produce depression at CNS.

c.     is contraindicated in glaucoma.

d.     causes urinary retention.

55.    The bioavailability of a drug:

a.      is always greater when the drug is administered intravenously than orally.

b.      refers to the systemic availability of the major metabolite of the drug.

c.      will be the same for all dosage forms if the same amounts of the drug is used.

d.      can be determined by estimating the area under the concentration-effect curve.

56.    With regards to gastrointestinal absorption of drugs:

a.      strongly acidic drugs are poorly absorbed from the intestines.

b.      delayed gastric emptying usually reduces the amount but not the rate of absorption.

c.      tetracycline absorption increases in the presence of calcium containing compounds.

d.      a rapid transit rate may result insufficient absorption of digoxin.

57.    Thiopentone is ultra-short acting because it undergoes:

a.      significant first-pass effect.

b.      rapid distribution into the brain.

c.      rapid redistribution.

d.      rapid dissociation from plasma protein binding.

58.    With regards to biotransformation of drugs by the liver:

a.      children usually have a much lower metabolizing capacity than adults.

b.      overdosage is less likely to occur if a drug undergoes capacity-limited metabolism.

c.      maximum clearance possible is equal to the hepatic blood flow rate.

d.      for drugs with a high extraction ratio, clearance is unaffected by minor changes in enzyme activity.

59.    Drugs which undergo capacity-limited metabolism:

a.      have a high therapeutic index.

b.      produce tolerance rapidly.

c.      plasma half-life will be dependent on dosage used.

d.      includes propranolol.

60.    The MFO system:

a.      is located on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the liver.

b.      acts on many pharmacologically unrelated drugs.

c.      can convert paracetamol to toxic metabolites.

d.      can be inhibited by different classes of drugs.

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