Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacology of Autonomic nervous system drugs, Autocoids

21.    If the elimination of a drug follows first order kinetics it indicates:

a.     the drug is eliminated by a single process only.

b.    the drug forms only one metabolite.

c.    the rate of elimination is proportional to drug concentration.

d.    the rate of elimination is constant.

22.    Binding of a drug to plasma proteins:

a.     occurs only with the albumin fraction.

b.     slows down its dissociation from binding sites. 

c.     favors elimination of high clearance drugs.

d.     implies a high volume of distribution.

23.    Anaphylactic responses to a drug:

a.     are usually unrelated to the pharmacological effects of the drug.

b.     do not occur if the drug is taken orally.

c.     require prior response to the drug.

d.     are dose dependent.

24.   The following are antihistamines which act on H1 receptors:

a.     cimetidine.

b.     chlorpheniramine.

c.     phenacetin. 

d.     mepyramine.

25.    Diphenhydramine:

a.      may produce sensitization with repeated topical application.

b.      produces atropine-like side effects.

c.      has anti-motion sickness property.

d.      blocks histamine-induced gastric secretion.

26.    Antihistamines should not be used indiscriminately as they are likely to cause:

a.      drowsiness.

b.      changes in skin pigmentation.

c.      risk of sensitization.

d.      malignant skin changes.

27.    State true or false:

a.      affinity measures the ability of a drug to bind to the receptor.

b.      efficiency measures the biological response resulting from the binding of the drug to the receptor.

c.      potency measures the margin of safety of a drug.

d.      receptor is the biological component with which a drug interacts.

28.    Statement below refers to the distribution of drugs in the body.

a.      the greater the degree of ionization of a drug the more extensive will be its distribution.

b.      the placenta acts as an effective barrier to most drugs from the maternal to the foetal circulation.

c.      an acidic drug is more extensively distributed into intracellular fluid than extracellular fluid.

d.      during steady state distribution the free and bound drug fractions are equal in all body fluids. 

29.    The following characteristics refer to the renal clearance of drugs:

a.      a clearance of basic drugs can be enhanced by alkalinizing the urine.

b.      if when urine pH is modified from 5.3 to 7.4, the clearance of a drug increases from 92 to 183ml/min, this drug is acidic.

c.      the greater the lipid solubility of the drug, the greater will be its clearance value.

d.      if active tubular secretion is involved, then plasma protein binding will limit drug clearance.

30.    The time taken to reach steady state concentration when the drug is administered orally is determined by:

a.      the rate of absorption of the drug.

b.      the T1/2 of the drug.

c.      the dosing frequency.

d.      the bioavailability of the drug.

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