© Copyright 1995, R.Lanigan-O'Keeffe, Sydney Australia. Not for copying without permission.

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APPENDIX TWO

THE ATTRIBUTES AND DISTRIBUTION

OF THE EARTH'S ELEMENTS

AND THEIR RESPECTIVE ISOTOPES

Definitions:

The standard for atomic mass is the mean atomic mass of Carbon (12).
A mole is the standard amount of matter as elementary particles (specified as atoms, molecules, electrons, elprons or other particles) as there are in a 0.012 kilogram mass of Carbon 12.
An Element is the average of the most stable atomic configuration of atoms containing a precise number of elprons. In a pure or chemical state, the element should have great longevity at normal temperature and pressure.
A radioactive Isotope is a mechanically unstable atomic structure at normal temperature and pressure. Its longevity may be altered through purity or chemical bonding.
Radioactive elements and Isotopes are printed in italics.
Electronegativity is denoted as negativity and expressed in elevtron Volts, eV.
The Ionisation energy is quoted as two vakues;

The first being the first ionisation voltage or ionisation potential, expressed in electron volts, eV.

The second being the first ionisation enthalpy at 25 C expressed in kilo-Joules per mole.

Legend:
na. not available or is undeternimed
bd below detection.
I Ionic radius
C Covalent radius
---------------

Elprons = 1 Hydrogen H Mean Atomic Mass is 1.00797

Negativity = 1.4 V Ionization = 13.598 V, 1318 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.45 C = 0.37
Melting -259 C Boiling -253 C
Neutrons = 0 Mass = 1.008145 D% = 99.985
Neutrons = 1 Mass = 2.014741 D% = 0.015
Neutrons = 2 Mass = 3.016997 D% = bd

Elprons = 2 Helium He Mean Atomic Mass is 4.0026

Negativity = na Ionization = 24.587 V, 2379 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I= na C = na
Melting -270 C Boiling -269 C
Neutrons = 1 Mass = 3.016977 D% = 0.00013
Neutrons = 2 Mass = 4.003879 D% = 99.99987
Neutrons = 3 Mass = 5.0137 D% = bd
Neutrons = 4 Mass = 6.020833 D% = bd

Elprons = 3 Lithium Li Mean Atomic Mass is 6.939
Negativity = 0.98 V Ionization = 5.39 V, 526 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.78 C = 1.33 Melting 180 C Boiling 1330 C
Neutrons = 2 Mass = 5.0136 D% = bd
Neutrons = 3 Mass = 6.01697 D% = 7.52
Neutrons = 4 Mass = 7.01822 D% = 92.48
Neutrons = 5 Mass = 8.02502 D% = bd

Elprons = 4 Beryllium Be Mean Atomic Mass is 9.012
Negativity = 1.57 Ionization = 9.32 V, 906 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.31 C = 0.89
Melting 1280 C Boiling 2480 C
Neutrons = 3 Mass = 7.01916 D% = bd
Neutrons = 4 Mass = 8.00785 D% = bd
Neutrons = 5 Mass = 9.01503 D% = 100.
Neutrons = 6 Mass = 10.01677 D% = bd

End of Core Layer

Elprons = 5 Boron B Mean Atomic Mass is 10.811
Negativity = 2.04 Ionization = 8.30 V, 807 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.20 C = 0.80
Melting (2030) C Boiling 3900 C
Neutrons = 3 Mass = 8.0264 D% = bd
Neutrons = 4 Mass = 9.01620 D% = bd
Neutrons = 5 Mass = 10.016110 D% = 18.98
Neutrons = 6 Mass = 11.012811 D% = 81.02

Elprons = 6 Carbon C Mean Atomic Mass is 12.01115
Negativity = 2.55 Ionization = 11.26 V, 1093 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = 0.77
Melting 3730 C Boiling 4830 C
Neutrons = 4 Mass = 10.0206 D% = bd
Neutrons = 5 Mass = 11.01495 D% = bd
Neutrons = 6 Mass = 12.003844 D% = 98.892
Neutrons = 7 Mass = 13.007505 D% = 1.108
Neutrons = 8 Mass = 14.00767 D% = bd
Neutrons = 9 Mass = 15.0143 D% = bd

Elprons = 7 Nitrogen N Mean Atomic Mass is 14.0067
Negativity = 3.04 Ionization = 14.53 V, 1407 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = 0.74
Melting -210 C Boiling -196 C
Neutrons = 5 Mass = 12.0227 D% = bd
Neutrons = 6 Mass = 13.00988 D% = bd
Neutrons = 7 Mass = 14.007550 D% = 99.635
Neutrons = 8 Mass = 15.004902 D% = 0.365
Neutrons = 9 Mass = 16.0109 D% = bd
Neutrons = 10 Mass = 17.0139 D% = bd

Elprons = 8 Oxygen O Mean Atomic Mass is 15.9994
Negativity = 3.44 Ionization = 13.62 V, 1320 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.40 C = 0.74
Melting -219 C Boiling -183 C
Neutrons = 7 Mass = 15.0078 D% = bd
Neutrons = 8 Mass = 16.000000 D% = 99.759
Neutrons = 9 Mass = 17.004533 D% = 0.037
Neutrons = 10 Mass = 18.004883 D% = 0.204
Neutrons = 11 Mass = 19.0091 D% = bd

Elprons = 9 Fluorine F Mean Atomic Mass is 18.998
Negativity = 3.98 Ionization = 17.42 V, 1687 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.36 C = 0.72 Melting -220 C Boiling -188 C
Neutrons = 8 Mass = 17.007505 D% = bd
Neutrons = 9 Mass = 18.006651 D% = bd
Neutrons = 10 Mass = 19.004444 D% = 100.0
Neutrons = 11 Mass = 20.006350 D% = bd

Elprons = 10 Neon Ne Mean Atomic Mass is 20.183 Inert
Negativity = na Ionization = 21.56 V, 2087 kJ mol-1Atomic radii ® I = na C = na
Melting -249 C Boiling -246 C
Neutrons = 9 Mass = 19.007952 D% = bd
Neutrons = 10 Mass = 19.998772 D% = 90.92
Neutrons = 11 Mass = 21.000504 D% = 0.257
Neutrons = 12 Mass = 21.998382 D% = 8.82
Neutrons = 13 Mass = 23.001768 D% = bd

Elprons = 11 Sodium Na Mean Atomic Mass is 22.9898
Negativity = 0.93 Ionization = 5.14 V, 502 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.98 C = 1.57
Melting 98 C Boiling 892 C
Neutrons = 10 Mass = 21.004286 D% = bd
Neutrons = 11 Mass = 22.001409 D% = bd
Neutrons = 12 Mass = 22.997055 D% = 100.0
Neutrons = 13 Mass = 23.998568 D% = bd

Elprons = 12 Magnesium Mg Mean Atomic Mass is 24.312
Negativity = 1.31 Ionization = 7.65 V, 744 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.65 C = 1.36
Melting 650 C Boiling 1110 C
Neutrons = 11 Mass = 23.001453 D% = bd
Neutrons = 12 Mass = 23.992628 D% = 78.60
Neutrons = 13 Mass = 24.993745 D% = 10.11
Neutrons = 14 Mass = 25.990802 D% = 11.29
Neutrons = 15 Mass = 26.992876 D% = bd

End of first intermediate level

Elprons = 13 Aluminium Al Mean Atomic Mass is 26.982
Negativity = 1.61 Ionization = 5.99 V, 584 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.50 C = 1.25
Melting 660 C Boiling 2450 C
Neutrons = 14 Mass = 26.990109 D% = 100.0
Neutrons = 15 Mass = 27.990760 D% = bd

Elprons = 14 Silicon Si Mean Atomic Mass is 28.086
Negativity = 1.19 Ionization = 8.15 V, 793 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.43 C = 1.17
Melting 1410 C Boiling 2680 C
Neutrons = 14 Mass = 27.985825 D% = 92.18
Neutrons = 15 Mass = 28.985705 D% = 4.71
Neutrons = 16 Mass = 29.983307 D% = 3.12
Neutrons = 17 Mass = 30.985140 D% = bd

Elprons = 15 Phosphorous P Mean Atomic Mass is 30.979
Negativity = 2.19 Ionization = 10.49 V, 1018 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = 1.10
Melting 44 C Boiling 280 C
Neutrons = 16 Mass = 30.983619 D% = 100.
Neutrons = 17 Mass = 31.984016 D% = bd
Neutrons = 18 Mass = 32.982166 D% = bd

Elprons = 16 Sulphur S Mean Atomic Mass is 32.064
Negativity = 2.58 Ionization = 10.36 V, 1006 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.84 C = 1.04
Melting 113 C Boiling 445 C
Neutrons = 16 Mass = 31.982274 D% = 95.018
Neutrons = 17 Mass = 32.981941 D% = 0.750
Neutrons = 18 Mass = 33.978709 D% = 4.215
Neutrons = 19 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 20 Mass = 35.9789 D% = 0.017

Elprons = 17 Chlorine Cl Mean Atomic Mass is 35.453
Negativity = 3.16 Ionization = 12.97 V, 1257 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.81 C = 0.99
Melting -101 C Boiling -35 C
Neutrons = 18 Mass = 34.980064 D% = 75.4
Neutrons = 19 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 20 Mass = 36.977675 D% = 24.6

Elprons = 18 Argon Ar or A Mean Atomic Mass is 39.948 Inert
Negativity = na Ionization = 15.75 V, 1527 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = na
Melting -189 C Boiling -186 C
Neutrons = 18 Mass = 35.97926 D% = 0.0337
Neutrons = 19 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 20 Mass = 37.97491 D% = 0.063
Neutrons = 21 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 22 Mass = 39.975148 D% = 99.600

Elprons = 19 Potassium K Mean Atomic Mass is 39.102
Negativity = 0.82 Ionization = 4.34 V, 425 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.33 C = 2.03
Melting 64 C Boiling 760 C
Neutrons = 20 Mass = 38.97606 D% = 93.08
Neutrons = 21 Mass = 39.97510 D% = 0.012
Neutrons = 22 Mass = 40.97490 D% = 6.91

Elprons = 20 Calcium Ca Mean Atomic Mass is 40.08
Negativity = 1.00 Ionization = 6.11V, 596 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.99 C = 1.74
Melting 838 C Boiling 1490 C
Neutrons = 20 Mass = 39.97545 D% = 96.92
Neutrons = 21 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 22 Mass = 41.97216 D% = 0.64
Neutrons = 23 Mass = 42.97251 D% = 0.13
Neutrons = 24 Mass = 43.96924 D% = 2.13
Neutrons = 25 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 26 Mass = 44.97 D% = 0.0032
Neutrons = 27 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 28 Mass = 47.96778 D% = 0.179

End of first layer.

Begins 5 + 5 intermediate layer

Elprons = 21 Scandium Sc Mean Atomic Mass is 44.956
Negativity = 1.36 Ionization = 6.54 V, 637 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.81 C = 1.44
Melting 1540 C Boiling 2730 C
Neutrons = 24 Mass = 44.97010 D% = 100.00

Elprons = 22 Titanium Ti Mean Atomic Mass is 47.90
Negativity = 1.54 Ionization = 6.82 V, 664 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.68 C =1.32
Melting 1670 C Boiling 3260 C
Neutrons = 24 Mass = 45.96697 D% = 7.95
Neutrons = 25 Mass = 46.96668 D% = 7.75
Neutrons = 26 Mass = 47.96317 D% = 73.45
Neutrons = 27 Mass = 48.96358 D% = 5.51
Neutrons = 28 Mass = 49.96077 D% = 5.34

Elprons = 23 Vanadium V Mean Atomic Mass is 50.942
Negativity = 1.63 Ionization = 6.74 V, 656 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = 1..22
Melting 1900 C Boiling 3450 C
Neutrons = 27 Mass = 49.96668 D% = 0.24
Neutrons = 28 Mass = 50.96052 D% = 99.76

Elprons = 24 Chromium Cr Mean Atomic Mass is 51.996
Negativity = 1.66 Ionization = 6.77 V, 659 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = 1.17
Melting 1900 C Boiling 2642 C
Neutrons = 26 Mass = 49.96210 D% = 4.31
Neutrons = 27 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 28 Mass = 51.95707 D% = 83.76
Neutrons = 29 Mass = 52.95772 D% = 9.55
Neutrons = 30 Mass = 53.9563 D% = 2.38

Elprons = 25 Manganese Mn Mean Atomic Mass is 54.938
Negativity = 1.55 Ionization = 7.43 V, 724 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = 1.17
Melting 1250 C Boiling 2110 C
Neutrons = 30 Mass = 54.95581 D% = 100.

Elprons = 26 Iron Fe Mean Atomic Mass is 55.847
Negativity = 1.83 Ionization = 7.87 V, 766 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.60 C = 1.16
Melting 1540 C Boiling 3000 C
Neutrons = 28 Mass = 53.9507 D% = 5.90
Neutrons = 29 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 30 Mass = 55.95272 D% = 91.52
Neutrons = 31 Mass = 56.95359 D% = 2.25
Neutrons = 32 Mass = 57.9520 D% = 0.33

Elprons = 27 Cobalt Co Mean Atomic Mass is 54.938
Negativity = 1.88 Ionization = 7.86 V, 764 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = 1.16
Melting 1490 C Boiling 2900 C
Neutrons = 32 Mass = 58.95182 D% = 100
Neutrons = 33 Mass = 59.95250 D% = bd

Elprons = 28 Nickel Ni Mean Atomic Mass is 58.71
Negativity = 1.91 Ionization = 7.64 V, 743 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = 1.15
Melting 1450 C Boiling 2730 C
Neutrons = 30 Mass = 57.95345 D% = 67.76
Neutrons = 31 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 32 Mass = 59.94901 D% = 26.16
Neutrons = 31 Mass = 60.94907 D% = 1.25
Neutrons = 32 Mass = 61.94681 D% = 3.66
Neutrons = 33 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 34 Mass = 63.94755 D% = 1.16

Elprons = 29 Copper Cu Mean Atomic Mass is 63.54
Negativity = 1.9 Ionization = 7.86 V, 752 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.96 C =1.17
Melting 1083 C Boiling 2600 C
Neutrons = 34 Mass = 62.94926 D% = 69.09
Neutrons = 35 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 36 Mass = 64.94835 D% = 30.91

Elprons = 30 Zinc Zn Mean Atomic Mass is 65.37
Negativity = 1.65 Ionization = 9.39 V, 913 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.74 C =1.25
Melting 419 C Boiling 906 C
Neutrons = 34 Mass = 63.94955 D% = 48.89
Neutrons = 35 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 36 Mass = 65.94722 D% = 27.81
Neutrons = 37 Mass = 66.94815 D% = 4.11
Neutrons = 38 Mass = 67.94686 D% = 18.56
Neutrons = 39 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 40 Mass = 69.94779 D% = 0.062

Ends 5 + 5 Intermediate layer

Start of Second Core 4 +4

Elprons = 31 Gallium Ga Mean Atomic Mass is 69.72
Negativity = 1.81 Ionization = 6.00 V, 585 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.62 C =1.25
Melting 30 C Boiling 2400 C
Neutrons = 38 Mass = 68.94647 D% = 60.2
Neutrons = 39 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 40 Mass = 70.94835 D% = 39.8

Elprons = 32 Germanium Ge Mean Atomic Mass is 72.59
Negativity = 2.01 Ionization = 7.88 V, 768 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.53 C =1.22
Melting 937 C Boiling 2830 C
Neutrons = 38 Mass = 69.9447 D% = 20.52
Neutrons = 39 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 40 Mass = 71.9468 D% = 27.43
Neutrons = 41 Mass = 72.9433 D% = 7.76
Neutrons = 42 Mass = 73.9426 D% = 36.54
Neutrons = 43 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 44 Mass = 75.9433 D% = 7.76

Elprons = 33 Arsenic As Mean Atomic Mass is 74.922
Negativity = 2.18 Ionization = 9.8 V, 953 kJ mol-11 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.21
Melting 817* C Boiling (s) 613 C
Neutrons = 38 Mass = 74.9432 D% = 100.

Elprons = 34 Selenium Se Mean Atomic Mass is 78.96
Negativity = 2.55 Ionization = 9.75 V, 947 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.98 C =1.17
Melting 217 C Boiling 685 C
Neutrons = 40 Mass = 73.9439 D% = 0.96
Neutrons = 41 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 42 Mass = 76 D% = 9.12
Neutrons = 43 Mass = 77 D% = 7.50
Neutrons = 44 Mass = 78 D% = 23.61
Neutrons = 45 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 46 Mass = 80 D% = 49.96
Neutrons = 47 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 48 Mass = 82 D% = 8.84

Elprons = 35 Bromine Br Mean Atomic Mass is 79.909
Negativity = 2.96 Ionization = 6.00 V, 1146 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.95 C =1.14
Melting -7 C Boiling 58 C
Neutrons = 44 Mass = 78.944 D% = 50.57
Neutrons = 45 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 46 Mass = 80.943 D% = 49.43

Elprons = 36 Krypton Kr Mean Atomic Mass is 83.80 Inert
Negativity = na Ionization = 14.00 V, 1357 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = na
Melting -157 C Boiling -152 C
Neutrons = 42 Mass = 78 D% = 0.354
Neutrons = 43 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 44 Mass = 80 D% = 2.27
Neutrons = 45 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 46 Mass = 81.938 D% = 11.56
Neutrons = 47 Mass = 83 D% = 11.55
Neutrons = 48 Mass = 83.938 D% = 56.90
Neutrons = 49 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 50 Mass = 86 D% = 17.37

Elprons = 37 Rubidium Rb Mean Atomic Mass is 85.47
Negativity = 0.82 Ionization = 4.18 V, 409 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.48 C = 2.16
Melting 39 C Boiling 688 C
Neutrons = 48 Mass = 84.9331 D% = 72.15
Neutrons = 49 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 50 Mass = 86.9295 D% = 27.85

Elprons = 38 Strontium Sr Mean Atomic Mass is 87.62
Negativity = 0.95 Ionization = 6.00 V, 556 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.13 C =1.91
Melting 770 C Boiling 1380 C
Neutrons = 46 Mass = 84 D% = 0.56
Neutrons = 47 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 48 Mass = 85.93533 D% = 9.86
Neutrons = 49 Mass = 87 D% = 7.02
Neutrons = 50 Mass = 87.93374 D% = 82.56

End of level 1 of layer 2

Start of 5 + 5 Intermediate level 2 of layer 2

Elprons = 39 Yttrium Y Mean Atomic Mass is 88.905
Negativity = 1.22 Ionization = 6.25 V, 622 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.93 C =1.61
Melting 1500 C Boiling 2930 C
Neutrons = 50 Mass = 88.92 D% = 100

Elprons = 40 Zirconium Zr Mean Atomic Mass is 91.22
Negativity = 1.33 Ionization = 6.95 V, 666 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.74 C =1.45
Melting 1850 C Boiling 3580 C
Neutrons = 50 Mass = 90 D% = 51.46
Neutrons = 51 Mass = 91 D% = 11.23
Neutrons = 52 Mass = 92 D% = 17.11
Neutrons = 53 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 54 Mass = 94 D% = 17.40
Neutrons = 55 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 56 Mass = 96 D% = 2.80

Elprons = 41 Niobium Nb Mean Atomic Mass is 92.906 Negativity = 1.6 Ionization = 6.77 V, 670 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.34
Melting 2420 C Boiling 4900 C
Neutrons = 52 Mass = 92.912 D% = 100

Elprons = 42 Molybdenum Mo Mean Atomic Mass is 95.94
Negativity = 2.16 Ionization = 7.1 V, 691kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.29
Melting 2610 C Boiling 5560 C
Neutrons = 50 Mass = 92 D% = 15.05
Neutrons = 51 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 52 Mass = 93.9343 D% = 9.35
Neutrons = 53 Mass = 95 D% = 14.78
Neutrons = 54 Mass = 96 D% = 16.56
Neutrons = 55 Mass = 97 D% = 9.60
Neutrons = 56 Mass = 97.93610 D% = 24.00
Neutrons = 57 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 58 Mass = 100 D% = 9.68

Elprons = 43 Technetium Tc Mean Atomic Mass is (99)
Negativity = 1.19 Ionization = 7.28 V, 708 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = na
Melting 2140 C Boiling (4600 C)
No Naturally occurring Isotopes. These radioactive ISOTOPES ARE ARTIFICIAL
Neutrons = 52 Mass = 95 Half life 90 days
Neutrons = 54 Mass = 97 Half life 60 days
Neutrons = 56 Mass = 99 Half life 220,000 years

Elprons = 44 Rutherenium Ru Mean Atomic Mass is 101.07
Negativity = 2.2 Ionization = 7.36 V, 717 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.24
Melting 2300 C Boiling 3900 C
Neutrons = 52 Mass = 96 D% = 5.68
Neutrons = 53 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 54 Mass = 98 D% = 2.22
Neutrons = 55 Mass = 99 D% = 12.81
Neutrons = 56 Mass = 100 D% = 12.70
Neutrons = 57 Mass = 101 D% = 16.98
Neutrons = 58 Mass = 102 D% = 31.34
Neutrons = 59 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 60 Mass = 104 D% = 18.27

Elprons = 45 Rhodium Rh Mean Atomic Mass is 102.905
Negativity = 2.28 Ionization = 7.46 V, 726 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.25
Melting 1970 C Boiling 3730 C
Neutrons = 58 Mass = 102.905 D% = 100.

Elprons = 46 Palladium Pd Mean Atomic Mass is 106.4
Negativity = 2.2 Ionization = 8.33 V, 811 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.28
Melting 1550 C Boiling 3125 C
Neutrons = 56 Mass = 101.9375 D% = 0.8
Neutrons = 57 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 58 Mass = 103.93655 D% = 9.3
Neutrons = 59 Mass = 104.9384 D% = 22.6
Neutrons = 60 Mass = 105.9368 D% = 27.1
Neutrons = 61 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 62 Mass = 107.93801 D% = 26.7
Neutrons = 63 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 64 Mass = 109.93965 D% = 13.5

Elprons = 47 Silver Ag Mean Atomic Mass is 107.870
Negativity = 1.93 Ionization = 7.57 V, 737 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.26 C =1.34
Melting 961 C Boiling 2210 C
Neutrons = 60 Mass = 107 D% = 51.35
Neutrons = 61 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 62 Mass = 109 D% = 48.65

Elprons = 48 Cadmium Cd Mean Atomic Mass is 112.40
Negativity = 1.69 Ionization = 8.99 V, 874 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.97 C =1.41
Melting 321 C Boiling 765 C
Neutrons = 58 Mass = 105.93984 D% = 1.22
Neutrons = 59 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 60 Mass = 107.93860 D% = 0.89
Neutrons = 61 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 62 Mass = 109.9357 D% = 12.43
Neutrons = 63 Mass = 110.93978 D% = 12.86
Neutrons = 64 Mass = 111.93885 D% = 23.79
Neutrons = 65 Mass = 112.94061 D% = 12.34
Neutrons = 66 Mass = 113.93997 D% = 28.81
Neutrons = 67 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 68 Mass = 115.94202 D% = 7.66

End of Intermediate layer

Start of 4 + 4 Core level 2, layer 2

Elprons = 49 Indium In Mean Atomic Mass is 114.82
Negativity = 1.78 Ionization = 5.79 V, 565 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.81 C =1.50
Melting 156 C Boiling 2000 C
Neutrons = 64 Mass = 112.94045 D% = 4.16
Neutrons = 65 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 66 Mass = 114.94040 D% = 95.84

Elprons = 50 Tin Sn Mean Atomic Mass is 118.69
Negativity = 1.96 Ionization = 7.34 V, 715 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.71 C =1.41
Melting 217 C Boiling 685 C
Neutrons = 62 Mass = 112 D% = 0.95
Neutrons = 63 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 64 Mass = 114 D% = 0.65
Neutrons = 65 Mass = 114.94014 D% = 0.34
Neutrons = 66 Mass = 115.93927 D% = 14.24
Neutrons = 67 Mass = 116.94052 D% = 7.57
Neutrons = 68 Mass = 117.93978 D% = 24.01
Neutrons = 69 Mass = 118.94122 D% = 8.58
Neutrons = 70 Mass = 119.94059 D% = 32.97
Neutrons = 71 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 72 Mass = 121.94249 D% = 4.71
Neutrons = 73 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 74 Mass = 123.94490 D% = 5.98

Elprons = 51 Antimony Sb Mean Atomic Mass is 121.75
Negativity = 2.05 Ionization = 8.64 V, 840 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.41
Melting 631 C Boiling 1380 C
Neutrons = 70 Mass = 121 D% = 57.25
Neutrons = 71 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 72 Mass = 123 D% = 42.75

Elprons = 52 Tellurium Te Mean Atomic Mass is 127.60
Negativity = 2.1 Ionization = 9.01 V, 876 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 2.21 C =1.37
Melting 450 C Boiling 1390 C
Neutrons = 68 Mass = 119.94288 D% = 0.089
Neutrons = 69 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 70 Mass = 121.94193 D% = 2.46
Neutrons = 71 Mass = 122.94368 D% = 0.87
Neutrons = 72 Mass = 123.94278 D% = 4.61
Neutrons = 73 Mass = 124.94460 D% = 6.99
Neutrons = 74 Mass = 125.94420 D% = 18.71
Neutrons = 75 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 76 Mass = 127.94649 D% = 31.79
Neutrons = 77 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 78 Mass = 129.94853 D% = 34.49

Elprons = 53 Iodine I Mean Atomic Mass is 126.904
Negativity = 2.66 Ionization = 10.45 V, 1015 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 2.16 C =1.33
Melting 114 C Boiling 183 C
Neutrons = 74 Mass = 126.94528 D% = 100.

Elprons = 54 Xenon Xe Mean Atomic Mass is 131.30 Inert
Negativity = na Ionization = 12.13 V, 1177 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = na
Melting -112 C Boiling -108 C
Neutrons = 70 Mass = 123.94578 D% = 0.096
Neutrons = 71 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 72 Mass = 125.94476 D% = 0.090
Neutrons = 73 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 74 Mass = 127.94446 D% = 1.919
Neutrons = 75 Mass = 128.94601 D% = 26.44
Neutrons = 76 Mass = 129.94501 D% = 4.08
Neutrons = 77 Mass = 130.94673 D% = 21.18
Neutrons = 78 Mass = 131.94615 D% = 26.89
Neutrons = 79 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 80 Mass = 133.94803 D% = 10.44
Neutrons = 81 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 82 Mass = 135.95046 D% = 8.87

Elprons = 55 Caesium Cs Mean Atomic Mass is 132.905
Negativity = 0.79 Ionization = 3.89 V, 382 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.69 C = 2.35
Melting 29 C Boiling 690 C
Neutrons = 78 Mass = 132.91 D% = 100.

Elprons = 56 Barium Ba Mean Atomic Mass is 137.34
Negativity = 0.89 Ionization = 12.13 V, 509 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.35 C =1.98
Melting 714 C Boiling 1640 C
Neutrons = 74 Mass = 130 D% = 0.101
Neutrons = 75 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 76 Mass = 132 D% = 0.097
Neutrons = 77 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 78 Mass = 134 D% = 2.42
Neutrons = 79 Mass = 135 D% = 6.59
Neutrons = 80 Mass = 135.9488 D% = 7.81
Neutrons = 81 Mass = 136.9502 D% = 11.32
Neutrons = 82 Mass = 137.9498 D% = 71.66

Layer 2 complete

Start of 7 + 7 Intermediate level, layer 3

Elprons = 57 Lanthanum La Mean Atomic Mass is 138.91
Negativity = 1.1 Ionization = 5.61 V, 544 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.22 C = 1.41
Melting 920 C Boiling 3470 C
Neutrons = 81 Mass = 138 D% = 0.089
Neutrons = 82 Mass = 139 D% = 99.911

Elprons = 58 Cerium Ce Mean Atomic Mass is 140.12
Negativity = 1.12 Ionization = 5.47 V, 534 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.01 C = 1.65
Melting 795 C Boiling 3470 C
Neutrons = 78 Mass = 136 D% = 0.193
Neutrons = 79 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 80 Mass = 138 D% = 0.250
Neutrons = 81 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 82 Mass = 139.9489 D% = 88.48
Neutrons = 83 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 84 Mass = 141.9537 D% = 11.07

Elprons = 59 Praseodymium Pr Mean Atomic Mass is 140.907
Negativity = 1.13 Ionization = 5.42 V, 529 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = 1.65
Melting 935 C Boiling 3130 C
Neutrons = 82 Mass = 140.9514 D% = 100.

Elprons = 60 Neodymium Nd Mean Atomic Mass is 144.24
Negativity = 1.14 Ionization = 5.49 V, 536 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.64
Melting 1020 C Boiling 3030 C
Neutrons = 82 Mass = 142 D% = 27.09
Neutrons = 83 Mass = 143 D% = 12.14
Neutrons = 84 Mass = 143.9560 D% = 23.83
Neutrons = 85 Mass = 145 D% = 8.29
Neutrons = 86 Mass = 146 D% = 17.26
Neutrons = 87 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 88 Mass = 148 D% = 5.74
Neutrons = 89 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 90 Mass = 149.9687 D% = 5.63

Elprons = 61 Promethium Pm Mean Atomic Mass is 145
Negativity = 1.2 Ionization = 5.55 V, 542 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = na
Melting (1030 C) Boiling (2730 C)
Neutrons = 84 Mass = 145 D% = 100.

Elprons = 62 Samarium Sm Mean Atomic Mass is 150.35
Negativity = 1.17 Ionization = 5.63 V, 549 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.66
Melting 1070 C Boiling 1900 C
Neutrons = 82 Mass = 144 D% = 3.16
Neutrons = 83 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 84 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 85 Mass = 147 D% = 15.07
Neutrons = 86 Mass = 148 D% = 11.27
Neutrons = 87 Mass = 149 D% = 13.84
Neutrons = 88 Mass = 150 D% = 7.47
Neutrons = 89 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 90 Mass = 152 D% = 26.63
Neutrons = 91 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 92 Mass = 154 D% = 22.53

Elprons = 63 Europium Eu Mean Atomic Mass is 151.96
Negativity = 1.13 Ionization = 5.67 V, 553 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.85
Melting 826 C Boiling 1440 C
Neutrons = 88 Mass = 151 D% = 47.77
Neutrons = 89 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 90 Mass = 153 D% = 52.23

Elprons = 64 Gadolinium Gd Mean Atomic Mass is 157.25
Negativity = 1.2 Ionization = 6.14 V, 598 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.61
Melting 1310 C Boiling 3000 C
Neutrons = 88 Mass = 152 D% = 0.20
Neutrons = 89 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 90 Mass = 154 D% = 2.15
Neutrons = 91 Mass = 155 D% = 14.73
Neutrons = 92 Mass = 156 D% = 20.47
Neutrons = 93 Mass = 157 D% = 15.68
Neutrons = 94 Mass = 158 D% = 24.87
Neutrons = 95 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 96 Mass = 160 D% = 21.90

Elprons = 65 Terbium Tb Mean Atomic Mass is 158.924
Negativity = 1.2 Ionization = 5.85 V, 570 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.59
Melting 1360 C Boiling 2800 C
Neutrons = 94 Mass = 159.2 D% = 100.

Elprons = 66 Dysprosium Dy Mean Atomic Mass is 162.50
Negativity = 1.22 Ionization = 5.93 V, 578 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.59
Melting 1410 C Boiling 2600 C
Neutrons = 90 Mass = 156 D% = 0.0524
Neutrons = 91 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 92 Mass = 158 D% = 0.0902
Neutrons = 93 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 94 Mass = 160 D% = 2.294
Neutrons = 95 Mass = 161 D% = 18.88
Neutrons = 96 Mass = 162 D% = 25.53
Neutrons = 97 Mass = 163 D% = 24.97
Neutrons = 98 Mass = 164 D% = 28.18

Elprons = 67 Holmium Ho Mean Atomic Mass is 164.930
Negativity = 1.23 Ionization = 6.02 V, 586 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.58
Melting 1460 C Boiling 2600 C
Neutrons = 98 Mass = 164.94 D% = 100.

Elprons = 68 Erbium Er Mean Atomic Mass is 167.26
Negativity = 1.24 Ionization = 6.10 V, 595 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.57
Melting 1500 C Boiling 2900 C
Neutrons = 94 Mass = 162 D% = 0.136
Neutrons = 95 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 96 Mass = 164 D% = 1.56
Neutrons = 97 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 98 Mass = 166 D% = 33.41
Neutrons = 99 Mass = 167 D% = 22.94
Neutrons = 100 Mass = 168 D% = 27.07
Neutrons = 101 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 102 Mass = 170 D% = 14.88

Elprons = 69 Thulium Tm Mean Atomic Mass is 168.934
Negativity = 1.25 Ionization = 6.18 V, 601 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.56
Melting 1550 C Boiling 1730 C
Neutrons = 100 Mass = 169.4 D% = 100.

Elprons = 70 Ytterbium Yb Mean Atomic Mass is 173.04
Negativity = 1.1 Ionization = 6.25 V, 610 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.70
Melting 824 C Boiling 1430 C
Neutrons = 98 Mass = 168 D% = 0.140
Neutrons = 99 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 100 Mass = 170 D% = 3.03
Neutrons = 101 Mass = 171 D% = 14.31
Neutrons = 102 Mass = 172 D% = 21.82
Neutrons = 103 Mass = 173 D% = 16.13
Neutrons = 104 Mass = 174 D% = 31.84
Neutrons = 105 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 106 Mass = 176 D% = 12.73

End of 7 + 7 Intermediate level, layer 3

Start of 5 + 5 Intermediate level 1, layer 3

Elprons = 71 Lutetium Lu Mean Atomic Mass is 174.97
Negativity = 1.27 Ionization = 5.43 V, 530 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.56
Melting 1650 C Boiling 3330 C
Neutrons = 104 Mass = 175 D% = 97.40
Neutrons = 105 Mass = 176 D% = 2.60

Elprons = 72 Hafnium Hf Mean Atomic Mass is 178.49
Negativity = 1.3 Ionization = 7.0 V, 680 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.44
Melting 2000 C Boiling 5400 C
Neutrons = 102 Mass = 174 D% = 0.199
Neutrons = 103 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 104 Mass = 175.9923 D% = 5.23
Neutrons = 105 Mass = 177 D% = 18.55
Neutrons = 106 Mass = 177.9936 D% = 27.23
Neutrons = 107 Mass = 179 D% = 13.73
Neutrons = 108 Mass = 180.0029 D% = 35.07

Elprons = 73 Tantalum Ta Mean Atomic Mass is 180.948
Negativity = 1.5 Ionization = 7.88 V, 767 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.34
Melting 3000 C Boiling 5430 C
Neutrons = 108 Mass = 181.0031 D% = 100.

Elprons = 74 Tungsten W Mean Atomic Mass is 183.85
Negativity = 2.36 Ionization = 7.98 V, 776 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.30
Melting 3410 C Boiling 5930 C
Neutrons = 106 Mass = 180 D% = 0.126
Neutrons = 107 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 108 Mass = 182.0033 D% = 26.31
Neutrons = 109 Mass = 183.0059 D% = 14.28
Neutrons = 110 Mass = 184.0052 D% = 30.64
Neutrons = 111 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 112 Mass = 186 D% = 28.64

Elprons = 75 Rhenium Re Mean Atomic Mass is 186.2
Negativity = 1.9 Ionization = 7.87 V, 766 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.28
Melting 3180 C Boiling 5630 C
Neutrons = 110 Mass = 185 D% = 37.07
Neutrons = 111 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 112 Mass = 187 D% = 62.93

Elprons = 76 Osmium Os Mean Atomic Mass is 190.2
Negativity = 2.2 Ionization = 8.70 V, 850 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.26
Melting 3000 C Boiling 5500 C
Neutrons = 108 Mass = 184 D% = 0.018
Neutrons = 109 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 110 Mass = 186 D% = 1.59
Neutrons = 111 Mass = 187 D% = 1.64
Neutrons = 112 Mass = 188 D% = 13.3
Neutrons = 113 Mass = 189 D% = 16.1
Neutrons = 114 Mass = 190 D% = 26.4
Neutrons = 115 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 116 Mass = 192 D% = 41.0

Elprons = 77 Iridium Ir Mean Atomic Mass is 192.2
Negativity = 2.2 Ionization = 9.1 V, 880 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.26
Melting 2450 C Boiling 4500 C
Neutrons = 114 Mass = 191 D% = 38.5
Neutrons = 115 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 116 Mass = 193 D% = 61.5

Elprons = 78 Platinum Pt Mean Atomic Mass is 195.09
Negativity = 2.28 Ionization = 9.00 V, 870 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.29
Melting 1770 C Boiling 3825 C
Neutrons = 112 Mass = 190 D% = 0.012
Neutrons = 113 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 114 Mass = 192 D% = 0.78
Neutrons = 115 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 116 Mass = 194.0256 D% = 32.8
Neutrons = 117 Mass = 195 D% = 33.7
Neutrons = 118 Mass = 196.02744 D% = 25.4
Neutrons = 119 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 120 Mass = 198 D% = 7.23

Elprons = 79 Gold Au Mean Atomic Mass is 196.967
Negativity = 2.54 Ionization = 9.22 V, 896 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.37 C =1.34
Melting 1063 C Boiling 2970 C
Neutrons = 118 Mass = 197.2 D% = 100.

Elprons = 80 Mercury Hg Mean Atomic Mass is 200.59
Negativity = 2.00 Ionization = 10.43 V, 1013 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 1.10 C =1.44
Melting -39 C Boiling 357 C
Neutrons = 116 Mass = 196 D% =0.146
Neutrons = 117 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 118 Mass = 198 D% = 10.02
Neutrons = 119 Mass = 199 D% = 16.84
Neutrons = 120 Mass = 200 D% = 23.13
Neutrons = 121 Mass = 201 D% = 13.22
Neutrons = 122 Mass = 202 D% = 29.80
Neutrons = 123 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 124 Mass = 204 D% = 6.85

End of 5 + 5 Intermediate level 1, layer 3

Start of 4 + 4 Core level 1, layer 3

Elprons = 81 Thallium Tl Mean Atomic Mass is 204.37
Negativity = 2.04 Ionization = 6.11 V, 596 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.95 C =1.55
Melting 303 C Boiling 1460 C
Neutrons = 122 Mass = 203 D% = 29.50
Neutrons = 123 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 124 Mass = 205 D% = 70.50

Elprons = 82 Lead Pb Mean Atomic Mass is 207.19
Negativity = 2.33 Ionization = 7.42 V, 722 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = 0.84 C =1.54
Melting 327 C Boiling 1740 C
Neutrons = 120 Mass = 202 D% < 0.0004
Neutrons = 121 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 122 Mass = 204 D% = 1.37
Neutrons = 123 Mass = 205.04559 D% = bd
Neutrons = 124 Mass = 206.04519 D% = 25.15
Neutrons = 125 Mass = 207.04725 D% = 21.11
Neutrons = 126 Mass = 208.04754 D% = 52.38
Neutrons = 127 Mass = 209.05398 D% = bd
Neutrons = 128 Mass = 210.05622 D% = bd
Neutrons = 129 Mass = 211.06196 D% = bd
Neutrons = 130 Mass = 212.06487 D% = bd
Neutrons = 131 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 132 Mass = 214.07362 D% = bd

Elprons = 83 Bismuth Bi Mean Atomic Mass is 208.980
Negativity = 2.02 Ionization = 7.29 V, 710 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.52
Melting 271 C Boiling 1560 C
Neutrons = 125 Mass = 208.04968 D% = bd
Neutrons = 126 Mass = 209.05325 D% = 100.
Neutrons = 127 Mass = 210.05614 D% = bd
Neutrons = 128 Mass = 211.06047 D% = bd
Neutrons = 129 Mass = 212.06345 D% = bd
Neutrons = 130 Mass = 213.06824 D% = bd
Neutrons = 131 Mass = 214.07225 D% = bd

Note Well: With the exception of the few stable elements after this point,
Beware accepting any of the following. See page A-2-17 for the explanation.

Elprons = 84 Polonium Po Mean Atomic Mass is 210
Negativity = 2 Ionization = 8.42 V, 818 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =1.52
Melting 254 C Boiling 962 C
Neutrons = 125 Mass = 209.05486 D% = na
Neutrons = 126 Mass = 210.05488 D% = na
Neutrons = 127 Mass = 211.05927 D% = na
Neutrons = 128 Mass = 212.06094 D% = na
Neutrons = 129 Mass = 213.06696 D% = na
Neutrons = 130 Mass = 214.06852 D% = na
Neutrons = 131 Mass = 215.07392 D% = na
Neutrons = 132 Mass = 216.07617 D% = na

Elprons = 85 Astatine At Mean Atomic Mass is 210
Negativity = 2.2 Ionization = na Atomic radii ® I = na C =na
Melting 302 C Boiling 335 C
Neutrons = 127 Mass = 212.06079 D% = na
Neutrons = 128 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 129 Mass = 214.06955 D% = na
Neutrons = 130 Mass = 215.07313 D% = na
Neutrons = 131 Mass = 216.07586 D% = na
Neutrons = 132 Mass = 217.07979 D% = na
Neutrons = 133 Mass = 218.08369 D% = na

Elprons = 86 Radon Em , Rn Mean Atomic Mass is 222 Inert
Negativity = na Ionization = 10.75 V, 1043 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = na
Melting -71 C Boiling -62 C
Neutrons = 130 Mass = 216.07358 D% = na
Neutrons = 131 Mass = 217.07939 D% = na
Neutrons = 132 Mass = 218.08017 D% = na
Neutrons = 133 Mass = 219.08527 D% = na
Neutrons = 134 Mass = 220.08693 D% = na
Neutrons = 135 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 136 Mass = 222.09397 D% = na

Elprons = 87 Francium Fr Mean Atomic Mass is 223
Negativity = 0.7 Ionization = na Atomic radii ® I = na C =na
Melting (27 C) Boiling (680 C)
Neutrons = 131 Mass = 218.08108 D% = na
Neutrons = 132 Mass = 219.08501 D% = na
Neutrons = 133 Mass = 220.08693 D% = na
Neutrons = 134 Mass = 221.09057 D% = na
Neutrons = 135 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 136 Mass = 223.09697 D% = na

Elprons = 88 Radium Ra Mean Atomic Mass is 226.05
Negativity = 0.9 Ionization = 5.28 V, 516 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C =na
Melting 700 C Boiling 1530 C
Neutrons = 132 Mass = 220.08567 D% = na
Neutrons = 133 Mass = 221.09060 D% = na
Neutrons = 134 Mass = 222.09116 D% = na
Neutrons = 135 Mass = 223.09559 D% = na
Neutrons = 136 Mass = 224.09703 D% = na
Neutrons = 137 Mass = 225.10102 D% = na
Neutrons = 138 Mass = 226.10309 D% = na
Neutrons = 139 Mass = 227.10723 D% = na
Neutrons = 140 Mass = 228.11005 D% = na

End of level 1, layer 3

Start of 7 + 7 Intermediate level 2, layer 3

Elprons = 89 Actinium Ac Mean Atomic Mass is 227
Negativity = 1.1 Ionization = 6.9 V, 670 kJ mol-1 Atomic radii ® I = na C = na
Melting 1050 C Boiling 3200 C
Neutrons = 133 Mass = 222.09342 D% = na
Neutrons = 134 Mass = 223.09615 D% = na
Neutrons = 135 Mass = 224.09769 D% = na
Neutrons = 136 Mass = 225.10081 D% = na
Neutrons = 137 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 138 Mass = 227.10666 D% = na
Neutrons = 139 Mass = 228.11005 D% = na

Elprons = 90 Thorium Th Mean Atomic Mass is 232.038
Negativity = 1.3 Ionization = 7.50 V Atomic radii ® I = na C = na
Melting 1700 C Boiling 4200 C
Neutrons = 134 Mass = 224.09743 D% = na
Neutrons = 135 Mass = 225.10170 D% = na
Neutrons = 136 Mass = 226.10193 D% = na
Neutrons = 137 Mass = 227.10642 D% = na
Neutrons = 138 Mass = 228.10685 D% = na
Neutrons = 139 Mass = 229.11021 D% = na
Neutrons = 140 Mass = 230.11206 D% = na
Neutrons = 141 Mass = 231.11628 D% = na
Neutrons = 142 Mass = 232.11852 D% = 100.
Neutrons = 143 Mass = 233.12198 D% = na
Neutrons = 144 Mass = 234.12394 D% = na

Elprons = 91 Protactininum Pa Mean Atomic Mass is 231
Negativity = 1.5 Ionization = na Atomic radii ® I = na C = na
Melting (1230 C) Boiling na
Neutrons = 135 Mass = 226.10494 D% = na
Neutrons = 136 Mass = 227.10710 D% = na
Neutrons = 137 Mass = 228.10823 D% = na
Neutrons = 138 Mass = 229.11088 D% = na
Neutrons = 139 Mass = 230.11441 D% = na
Neutrons = 140 Mass = 231.11768 D% = na
Neutrons = 141 Mass = 232.11973 D% = na
Neutrons = 142 Mass = 233.12027 D% = na
Neutrons = 143 Mass = 234.12281 D% = na

Elprons = 92 Uranium U Mean Atomic Mass is 238.03
Negativity = 1.38 Ionization = 6.19 V, na Atomic radii ® I = na C = na
Melting 1130 C Boiling 3820 C
Neutrons = 136 Mass = 228.10863 D% = na
Neutrons = 137 Mass = 229.11258 D% = na
Neutrons = 138 Mass = 230.11222 D% = na
Neutrons = 139 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 140 Mass = 232.11650 D% = na
Neutrons = 141 Mass = 233.11937 D% = na
Neutrons = 142 Mass = 234.12115 D% = 0.0058
Neutrons = 143 Mass = 235.12317 D% = 0.715
Neutrons = 144 Mechanically unsound
Neutrons = 145 Mass = 237.13010 D% = na
Neutrons = 146 Mass = 238.13232 D% = 99.28
Neutrons = 147 Mass = 239.13704 D% = na

Elprons = 93 Neptunium Np Mean Atomic Mass is 237
Negativity = 1.36 Ionization = 6.16 V, na
Melting 640 C Boiling na

Elprons = 94 Plutonium Pu Mean Atomic Mass is 242
Negativity = 1.28 Ionization = 5.71 V, 570 kJ mol-1
Melting 640 C Boiling 3230 C

Elprons = 95 Americium Am Mean Atomic Mass is 243
Negativity = 1.3 Ionization = 6.0 V, 590 kJ mol-1
Melting >850 C Boiling 2600 C

Elprons = 96 Curium Cm Mean Atomic Mass is 247
Negativity = 1.3 Ionization = na
Melting na Boiling na

Elprons = 97 Berkelium Bk Mean Atomic Mass is 249
Negativity = 1.3 Ionization = na
Melting na Boiling na

Elprons = 98 Californium Cf Mean Atomic Mass is 251
Negativity = 1.3 Ionization = na
Melting na Boiling na

Elprons = 99 Einsteinium Es Mean Atomic Mass is 254
Negativity = 1.3 Ionization = na
Melting na Boiling na

Elprons = 100 Fermium Fm Mean Atomic Mass is 253
Negativity = 1.3 Ionization = na
Melting na Boiling na

Elprons = 101 Mendelevium Md Mean Atomic Mass is 256
Negativity = 1.3 Ionization = na
Melting na Boiling na

Elprons = 102 Nobelium No Mean Atomic Mass is na
Negativity = 1.3 Ionization = na
Melting na Boiling na

End of 7 + 7 Intermediate level 2, layer 3

Start of 5 + 5 Intermediate level 2, layer 3

Elprons = 103 Lawrencium Lr Mean Atomic Mass is na
Negativity = 1.3 Ionization = na
Melting na Boiling na

Data sourced from:

Introduction to Atomic and Nuclear Physics, Henry Semat Ph.D. Rinehart & Company, Inc. New York 1957.

Inorganic Chemistry, R.B. Heslop & Professor P.L Robinson, Elsevier Publishing Company, New York 1963

The Penguin Dictionary of Chemistry, D.W.A. Sharp Ph.D. Penguin Books 1983

SI chemical data. G.H. Aylward & T.J.V. Findlay . John Wiley & Sons Australasia Pty. Ltd.

--------------- end appendix 2 ----------------------

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