V-1 Short Paragraph Structure

        Topic Sentence                                   

            First Primary Support                                    

            Second Primary Support                                

            Third Primary Support                                   

　

         Concluding Sentence                                     

         Or,    

         Topic Sentence

             First Primary Support                                    

             Second Primary Support                                

             Example                                  

         Concluding Sentence                                     

 

V.2. Long Paragraph Structure

          Topic Sentence

            First Primary Support

            Detailed Support

            Example

　

            Second Primary Support

            Detailed Support

            Example

         Concluding Sentence

　

V.3. Short Report Structure

        Theme Sentence

             Support Statement

          First Paragraph

          Second Paragraph

          and more

        Concluding Sentence

                Support Statement

 

V.4. Paragraph Examples

Example 1:

From the festive façade of Il Duomo to the churches, palazzo and libraries built by Medici dynasty founder, Cosimo il Vecchio, Florence is a dynamic testimony to humanity’s creative genius – one that never fails to inspire awe.  Between the 13^th and 16^th centuries, Florence glittered as the nurturing cradle of the Renaissance.  A truly great city, it has maintained that incandescence throughout the ages, while gracefully bending to accommodate the ever-changing world.  The result is a sublime blend of ancient and modern, of grandeur and delicacy.  The pleasures and fascinations of Florence are inexhaustible and yours to explore.

　

Example 2: 

An asset is a probable future economic benefit obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of a past transaction or event.  To an accountant, an asset’s economic benefits manifest themselves, one way or another, in future cash flows.  Some assets such as a customer’s obligation to pay for merchandise bought on credit, turn directly into cash when the customer pays what is owned.  Other assets take a more indirect route to producing a future cash flow.  For example, a farmer’s tractor is an asset because it is used in the process of growing a crop, which is then sold for cash.  A computer may allow clerical work to be done more efficiently, reducing the need for a second secretary.  This saving of future wages is a future cash benefit generated by the computer.

 

Example 3:

No matter where on Earth, the one human activity that consumes the most water is the one that wastes the most: agriculture.  From locations around the world, this study surveys both disasters of agricultural irrigation, such as cotton farming in Uzbekistan, and innovative successes in water-efficient techniques and crops, such as in California and India.  Numerous examples illustrate the destructive effects of deforestation and overgrazing, the difficulty of fighting erosion and reclaiming arable soil, and the urgency of the motto: More crop per drop.

 

V.5. Presentation Outlines

        1. Introduction

        2. Objective of the Study

        3. Scope of the Study

        4. Related Studies

        5. Methodology

        6. Procedures

        7. Results

        8. Conclusions and Suggestions

　

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