Australia terrorism
The Monterey database also permits statistical analysis of the historical record, making it possible to discern patterns over time in the incidence of chemical and biological terrorism. australia terrorism Obesity vash peter society. This information should assist policy-makers in developing prudent, cost-effective programs for prevention and response. The incidents involving chemical or biological agents in the Monterey database include hoaxes, plots, efforts to acquire toxic materials, proven possession of materials, and actual attacks. The incidents have been grouped in two basic categories, terrorist or criminal. australia terrorism Breastfeeding and obesity. There were 282 terrorist cases (54 percent) and 238 criminal cases (46 percent). We define terrorism as "the instrumental use or threatened use of violence by an organization or individual against innocent civilian targets in furtherance of a political, religious, or ideological objective. " Criminal incidents, in contrast, involve extortion, murder, or some other non-political objective. australia terrorism Australia terrorism. They are not addressed in this article. Of the 282 incidents grouped in the terrorist category, 263 were selected for analysis because they contained sufficient information to permit cross-case comparison. While most of these incidents took place overseas, 40 percent occurred in the United States. Contrary to the conventional wisdom about the catastrophic nature of chemical and biological terrorism, actual attacks were few in number, small in scale, and generally produced fewer casualties than conventional bombs. A breakdown of the 263 cases between 1900 and last May is eye-opening: 26 percent were hoaxes or pranks, eight percent involved an apparent conspiracy that did not proceed far, four percent involved the attempted acquisition of dangerous materials, 10 percent involved the actual possession of dangerous materials, 21 percent concerned a threatened attack that did not materialize, and only 27 percent (71 incidents) included the actual use of a chemical or biological agent. Of the actual attacks, 83 percent (59) occurred outside the United States. The largest number of incidents took place in 1995 (16, all non-U. S. ) and in 1998 (15, one-third in the United States). In very few cases did the perpetrators seek to inflict mass casualties-defined as 1,000 or more deaths-and in none did they occur. Among the 71 actual attacks-and again, the coverage is global and the timeframe is 1900 to May of this year-the choice of agent and method of delivery varied considerably. Chemical agents employed included cyanide (by far the most popular), rat poison, VX nerve agent, sarin nerve agent, butyric acid, mercury, and insecticide. Biological agents included anthrax, botulinum toxin, salmonella bacteria, and the HIV virus. The 71 attacks produced 123 fatalities and 3,774 injuries. Of these totals, the sole U. S. fatality was caused by the use of cyanide-tipped bullets by the Symbionese Liberation Army to assassinate an Oakland, California school superintendent in 1973. The foreign incidents that inflicted the largest numbers of fatalities were the contamination of drinking water with pesticide by an unknown terrorist group in the Philippines in 1987, causing 19 deaths among new recruits to the Philippine Constabulary on the island of Mindanao, and the use of an unknown poison gas against a Turkish village in 1994, possibly by Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) terrorists, causing 21 deaths. Of the nonfatal casualties, 1,038 were associated with Aum Shinrikyo's release of sarin nerve agent on the Tokyo subway in 1995. 4To date, incidents of chemical or biological terrorism in the United States have inflicted a total of 784 nonfatal injuries, of which 751 were associated with the Rajneeshee food poisoning case. Other major U. S. incidents involving casualties include the 1989 delivery by racial extremists of a package containing a tear-gas bomb to the Atlanta office of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which injured eight; and attacks with butyric acid against abortion clinics in Houston and Florida in 1998, injuring 14 people. Many of the terrorists implicated in the 71 actual attacks were not traditional terrorist organizations like the Irish Republican Army. Twenty-four attacks were perpetrated by religiously motivated groups, 15 by nationalist-separatist groups, and 12 by single-issue groups such as anti-abortion or animal-rights advocates.
Australia terrorism
Obesity and youth || John-ashcroft-terrorism || Suvs-not-supporting-terrorism || Terrorism philppines