They are frequent
questions that the usuaries make,
when they are dislocated to the
pharmacy and they intend to
administer a drugs orally: before
or after the meals? with water or
with milk? and a wineglass to the
meals?The foods not only
difficult the absorption and
consequently to reduce the
efficacy of the drugs but can to
benefit. With the empty stomach,
in many cases the absorption is
more speed, but can to occur
intolerance gastric. Exist
situations drug incompatibility
with certain foods that take the
reduction of the efficacy:
- Antibiotics with tetracyclines
(Minocycline, Doxicycline) in the
presence of milky products.
- Theophylline in the
presence of foods rich in
proteins (meat) and cabbages.
- Anticoagulants (Warfarin) with
foods rich in vitamin K (spinach,
lettuce, etc.).
The
Drugs must be ingested with an
adequate amount of liquids (glass
full), that speeds the
dissolution and reduce the
irritation of the esophagus (by
retention of the tablet) and the
wall of the stomach. A water is,
in almost cases, the best company.
The supplements of iron prefer
the juices fruit because the
vitamin C facilitates your
absorption. The milk can reduce
the absorption of some drugs (tetracyclines).
The
alcohol can increase or to reduce
the activity of some drugs. Avoid
to take anxiolitics, sleep
inducing (hypnotics), antidepressants and antihistamines.
Before taking any drugs consults
always the brochure informative.
Follows a table of medicines and
recommendations in relation to
the administration form.
| Generic
name |
Administration |
| Acetaminophen |
B |
| Albendazole |
O |
| Alendronate |
B,C e M |
| Alopurinoll |
A |
| Amantadine |
H |
| Aminophylline |
A |
| Amitriptylina |
I |
| Amoxicillin |
A |
| Ampicillin |
B e E |
| Aspirin |
A e C |
| Atenolol |
A |
| Baclofen |
A |
| Betamethasone |
A |
| Biperiden |
A |
| Bisacodyl |
I |
| Bromocriptine |
A |
| Buflomedil |
A |
| Captopril |
B |
| Carbamazepine |
A |
| Cefalexin |
B |
| Chlorhexidine |
F |
| Chlorpromazine |
A |
| Chlorthalidone |
A e H |
| Cimetidine |
A |
| Ciprofloxacin |
A |
| Clemastine |
A |
| Clindamycin |
A |
| Clofibrate |
A |
| Codeine |
A |
| Cotrimoxazole |
J |
| Cyproheptadine |
K |
| Dexamethasone |
A |
| Dexchlorpheniramine |
A |
| Dextropropoxyphene |
A e C |
| Diazepam |
A |
| Diclofenac |
A e M |
| Digoxin |
G |
| Diltiazem |
A |
| Dobesilate,
calcium |
A |
| Domperidone |
K |
| Doxicycline |
A e D |
| Dypiridamole |
B |
| Erythromycin,ethylsuccinate |
E,J e M |
| Espironolactona |
A e H |
| Ethambutol |
A |
| Folic,acid |
K |
| Furosemide |
K |
| Glybenclamide |
A |
| Griseofulvin |
O |
| Hydralazine |
A |
| Hydrochlorothiazide |
A e H |
| Hydrocortisona |
A |
| Iron,
sulphate |
D,J e M |
| Imipramine |
A e M |
| Indomethacin |
A e C |
| Isoniazid |
J |
| Isosorbide,
dinitrate |
B e L |
| Isosorbide,
mononitrate |
B e L |
| Ketoconazole |
A |
| Lactulose |
I |
| Lincomycin |
B |
| Lithium,
carbonate |
A e M |
| Maprotiline |
A |
| Mebendazole |
A |
| Mebeverine |
K |
| Methyldopa |
A |
| Metoclopramide |
K |
| Metronidazole |
A |
| Minocycline |
A e D |
| Nalidixic,
acid |
B e J |
| Naproxen |
A e C |
| Nifedipine |
L |
| Nitrofurantoin |
A |
| Nitroglycerin |
L |
| Norfloxacin |
B e D |
| Phenylbutazone |
A e C |
| Phenytoin |
A |
| Potassium |
A e C |
| Prednisone |
A |
| Propranolol |
A |
| Pyrazinamide |
B |
| Pyridostigmine |
A |
| Ranitidine |
A |
| Rifampicin |
B |
| Sucralfate |
K |
| Sulpiride |
K |
| Tetracycline |
B,C e D |
| Theophylline |
A e P |
| Thioridazine |
A |
| Trimipramine |
A |
| Verapamil |
K |
| Vincamine |
A |
| Warfarin |
N |
A. Take
with foods.
B. Take
with the empty stomach (1
hour before or 2 hours after
the meals) and with a glass
full of water (upper the 200
ml).
C. To
stay erect during 15 to 30
minutes.
D. Not
to take with milk (or
derivative).
E. Avoid
acid foods (orange juice,
tomato,etc.)
F. To
undo the tablet in the mouth.
G. Take
with or without foods, but
always in the same conditions.
H. Not
to take after 18 o'clock so
that it doesn't interfere
with the Sleep.
I. Take
with a glass full of water (upper
the 200 ml).
J. Take
with foods if to cause
disturbance gastric, even so
the absorption is excellent
of empty stomach.
K. Take
20 minutes before the meals.
L. In an
eminent crisis of angor
pectoris , to chew the drug
without to swallow.
M. To
swallow the drug without
chewing.
N. Avoid
foods rich in vitamin K (spinach,
lettuce, etc.).
O. Take
with foods rich in lipids (greases
and oils).
P. Avoid
foods rich in proteins (meat)
and cabbages.
References
- Alendronato,
Reacções adversas a nível
esofágico. Boletim de
Farmacovigilância.
INFARMED. Volume 1,
Numero 2, 2º Trimestre
1997.
- As
Bases Farmacológicas da
Terapêutica.
Goodman & Gilman. 9º
Edição. Mc Graw Hill.
1996.
- Guia
para la Administracion de
Medicamentos por via oral.
Hospital Clinic I
Provincial de Barcelona.
- Índice
Nacional Terapêutico.
Julho de 1998.
- Interacção
entre Alimentos e Anti-Infecciosos
I. Ficha Técnica nº
24. CIM. Revista da Ordem
dos Farmacêuticos nº 24,
1998.
- Interacção
entre Alimentos e Anti-Infecciosos
II. Ficha Técnica nº
25. CIM. Revista da Ordem
dos Farmacêuticos nº 25,
1998.
- Martindale,
The Extra Pharmacopoeia.
Reynolds 29 Ed. The Royal
Pharmaceutical Society.
London, 1989.
- Medicamentos
e Alimentação.Revista
Teste Saúde nº14. Junho
de 1998.
- Recomendações
dos laboratórios
preparadores das marcas
comerciais.
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