Beauty and the Beast: Vanquishing Shadows At A Time Of Change

Kyle Altis

 

   
… The first human beings emerged on Earth approximately 2 million years ago. In this vast stretch of time, approximately 100,000 human generations have lived and died, and yet ours are among the first to live in a world where much of daily experience is shaped by widely shared, instantaneous mass communication.
   
- Kubey and Csikszentmihalyi1
 
… you, who are the father of writing, have … attributed to it quite to opposite of its real function. … What you have discovered is a receipt for recollection, not for memory. And as for wisdom, your pupils will have the reputation for it without the reality; they will receive a quantity of information without proper instruction, and in consequence be thought very knowledgeable when they are for the most part quite ignorant. And because they are filled with the conceit of wisdom instead of real wisdom they will be a burden to society.
- Plato2
 
I begin with a letter.3
Twentieth from the alpha of the familiar structure of the English language, in
the latter half of the alphabet, divorced from the much higher greater attention and consequently rankings of power given surnames which happen to begin with earlier letters (but not as unhappily isolated as those which follow it, among whom is numbered Yeats himself),4 the tau and tao and tetragrammaton and three-in-one. Twentieth in a symbolic, melodic line, within a structure and meaning entirely of human creation. What meaning, what différance, what inherent value hierarchy we assign to a human-created structure must ultimately resonate what it means to be human.
Like letter, word itself turns and turns in a widening gyre between symbol
and meaning. The letter is the beginning of written word, the written word the beginning of symbolic language divorced from its originator. Language is an extension of self, a tool devised in our own image to foster communication – but Foucault and Derrida have shattered the dictionary’s “last word”. Meaning has been isolated from symbol, symbol from meaning: both circling each other in the endless co-dependency embraced within Yeats’ complementary gyres of objectivity and subjectivity, rationality and emotion.5
Language itself builds the structures of the gyres within which that
co-dependency operates. The weak version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that specific elements of any given language influence perception and can affect attitudes and behaviour; a stronger version of the same hypothesis, perhaps ultimately unprovable, suggests that structure of a specific medium of expression not only shapes thought but directs it.6,7 In this dynamic calcification of symbology, language becomes a tool with which to objectify perceptions into a consensual value hierarchy of symbols.8 In this interpretive analysis, this plastic tool of language shapes equally the one analysing: by simultaneously identifying, interpreting, and inventing those values in the process of analysis. Like advertising, another interpretive medium of communication, the influence of the structure of language is most effective when least noticed.9
With the construction of any value hierarchy, centre is pulled upwards, at
the same time as the inertial force created by the gyre’s continual acceleration increases in strength as it approaches its extremes. In Yeats’ overlapping gyres, as the solar (primary) values of objectivity and rationality approach their maximum strengths, the complementary lunar (antithesis) values of subjectivity and emotion approach their minimum at a point simultaneously internal and external, a singularity simultaneously of balance and of imbalance: in an eternal series of cycles reminiscent of the great cyclic dreams of Brahma. The great cycles constitute 26,000 years, the lesser cycles 2,000 years, each soul and each civilisation a wheel arising from irrationality, spiralling through all the symbolic phases of the moon within the complementary waxing and waning of spiritual time and physical space, and eventually destroyed in an agonised drawn-out decadence of rationalism. The nature of the gyres themselves pulls toward continuation of spin, inertia combines with entropy to pull that spin into ever widening circles.
         
TABLE 1. The four faculties within the gyres and the four principles which guide them.
FACULTY
DESCRIPTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMORY*
GUIDING PRINCIPLE
Will (the Is) Will, drive, ego Memory of present life Husk
Mask (the Ought) Emotion, object of desire, personal ideal Memory of momenta of exaltation in past lives Passionate beauty
Creative Mind (the Knower) Intellect, the constructive mind Memory of ideas conceived by individuals Spirit
Body of Fate (the Known) Physical and psychological environment Memory of past events Celestial body
*The four faculties result from the four memories of the Daimon or Ultimate Self of Man (sometimes referenced as Spiritus Mundi).
         
Now, at the ending of our own 2000 year cycle, falcon is beginning to
separate from falconer. More: the falcon can no longer hear the falconer. The last unassisted sensory falconer-created ties binding the falcon have been severed, and the purpose and centre of the falconer’s reason for existence escapes the falconer’s control. The focus of the mutual orbit distends, separating into elliptical and then into a parabolic infinite: for within this paradigm, the falcon will not return in this cycle of the gyres.
What is falconer, without falcon?
The falcon may seem the subordinate in this relationship, its utility defined
by its relationship with the falconer: but it may be more accurate to say that the falconer is the reflection (Nietzsche might say the creation) of the falcon. We evolve through language to cognition, and language defines the limits of our cognition: “Every word is a prejudice.”10 But the overlapping gyres approaching the point of maximal rationality begin to trigger re-evaluation of the innate Anglo-centric causal linearity of the English language as they approach the point of reversal. It is a falconer conceit to define falcon solely in terms of its quantifiable function as it exists relative to the falconer. The languages of colonised peoples often reflect this inversion of value: a Comanche tepee (“nïmïkahni”) is literally an “Indian” house (“kahni”); a Karok bow (“arara xuská-mhar”) has become literally an “Indian” gun (“xuská-mhar”);11 some colonised cultures perhaps the more vulnerable to such value inversion for lacking any words even to express the concept of coercion. From the falconer’s perspective, even the subjective value of time becomes a measurable quantity, a commodity whose major value lies in its inherent limitation: “time is money”. Without the return of falcon to falconer there is no external, objective measure of time (the cycles of the falcon’s return): and the principles of scientific management which have defined our modern world tell us that nothing which is not measurable has value.12
But where is past, here? where is future? We know only that the current gyre
of rationalism is widening, that the falcon cannot hear the falconer: an isolated instant of present which has never been past and will never be future – a presence which cannot even be specified, for in the moment of presenting it becomes something other than the presence, a simulcrum of a presence which dislocates itself. Present becomes infinitely and irreducibly nonsimple, forever constituting itself, forever dividing itself dynamically in an infinitely deferred presence, an eternal becoming-space, becoming-time which “exceeds the alternative of presence and absence”:13 but circling nonetheless around the moment which is now.
Yet “now” is a concept which is fundamentally useless in the English
language. Use exists only in what already exists and in the potentials. “Now” is not a measurable concept.

Where does this place Yeats as “Demon Est Deus Inversus”?

The falcon, flying away from the falconer, will tend to fly upward, but “up”
and “down” are themselves specific value constructs in the English language (and for that matter in many other languages) which echo through our reconstruction of our world: God and heaven and good up, hell and evil down. Monotheistic God is seen in the Anglo-centric as Highest, the older chthonic cults reinterpreted accordingly. (Taoism may be unique as an organised religion in the modern world in seeking wu wei, the active inaction of balance, at the lowest point of stability.) The East Indian castes are ranked according to where they spring from the original body, from the highest on down. The seven chakras of kundalini and tantric practice are counted from the fundament upward, each represented by a lotus with an increasing number of petals, to culminate in the thousand-petalled lotus at the crown of the head. We place the head above the heart (or the liver) and vilify the “nether regions”, valuing intellect above emotion – as Yeats’ Vision suggests is indeed inevitable, being very near maximal primary expansion at the symbolic dark of the moon where Will and Mask are not only dominant but very nearly unipolar against the near singularity of Creative Mind and Body of Fate (Vacillation VII).14 Western geographical bias places the northern hemisphere at the top. We build upward toward our highest external values, reaching for God: in many villages and towns within the Christian hegemony, the steeples of the church still occupy the highest point. Values challenged are values “taken down”, often literally. The value is most strongly challenged when taken down from above: lightning, rain (flood), missiles, high altitude bombing, satellites. Those who challenge in the name of the people organise at the “grassroots” level and strike at or below ground level. Those operating in the name of “higher” values strike from the heavens, until the attacked symbol “collapses”.
Always, though, the surviving symbols of the previous regime, be they

architectural or linguistic or governmental, must be “pulled down” before the new order can “supplant” them. Yet rationality, taken to its extreme, must ultimately be empty. It destroys core, fundamentally irrational beliefs in a grand nihilism which allows Nietzsche to proclaim God’s death15 and Camus to ponder the only serious philosophical question in the face of having assimilated the meaninglessness of existence: whether or not to commit suicide.16 When symbols of previous structures crumple in ever tighter temporal succession as the gyres approach the reversal – which might well be seen as utter collapse – of the drive toward the rational, dysteleological perceptions of history and humankind increase exponentially: ironically predicted and safely embraced within the cyclic flexing of the gyres.

Here lies a mighty god
His fall was not a small one
We did but build his pedestal
A narrow and a tall one.17

 
As “mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,” wine and blood mingle in the streets. Statues are destroyed. Tea is dumped into harbours. Borders are obliterated. Pan is remade into a horned symbol of evil and exiled to the ninth circle of hell. “The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere/ The ceremony of innocence is drowned.” Innocence, like technological progress and infinite possibility of expansion, has become an American staple.18 Its very existence founded upon rationality and its entire existence falling within Yeats’ waning crescent, the United States and its protegés may well be the last of the determinedly innocent countries19 in the Blakean sense: literally unable of themselves to shatter the chains of innocence. Yet, though symbols be torn down or inverted or actively rejected, so long as the symbols remain those of the previous regime, the supplanting regime continues to define itself by them – and thus in effect becomes what it has attempted to supplant. Nietzsche tells us that “Christianity came into existence in order to lighten the heart; but now it has first to burden the heart so as afterwards to be able to lighten it … convictions are more dangerous truths than lies:”20 the same could apply to any uprising in the name of freedom and justice. Having supplanted what is redefined as injustice, it becomes unthinkable that the new values could be anything other than justice: this is “the logic of every nation that is in power and has a good conscience about it.”21 And so the old colony becomes the new colonizing power, rejecting the anguish of accepting true freedom and thus without escape.
 
     
 
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