| History Timeline |
| The History of Computers |
| 3000 B. C.-Abacus used for calculating |
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| 1617 A.D.- Napier's Rods and Bones invented |
| 1642 A.D.-The Pascaline is invented by Blase Pascal |
| 1674 A.D.-Leibniz's Stepped Reckoner and binary arithmetic are invented |
| 1804 A.D.- Jacquard�s Loom used punched cards to create patterns on woven fabric; forerunner of the keypunch machine |
| 1835 A.D.- Charles Babbage, the"father of computers," creates the Analytical Engine |
| 1843 A.D.-Ada Byron Lovelace devises the first computer language |
| 1854 A.D.- George Boole devised Boolean algebra : standard internal language of digital computers |
| 1887 A.D.-Hollerith�s Tabulating Machine�the basis for International Business Machines (IBM�1924) |
| 1911 A.D.-Powers Accounting Machine Co. eventually becomes Unisys |
| 1937-Howard Aiken proposes to build a computer-the modern equivalent of the Analytical Engine-at IBM. |
| 1939-Atanasoff built first electronic digital computer (the ABC operational model) |
| 1941-Zuse completes general purpose programmable calculator using binary math and Boolean logic |
| 1943-IBM�s Mark I, the first eletromechanical computer is completed by the Aiken group |
| 1945-Grace Hopper �debugs� the Mark II�uses vacuum tubes |
| 1946-the ENIAC had 18,000 vacuum tubes, devised by Mauchley and Presper Eckert from unpatented work of Atanasoff at Moore School of Electrical Engineering, the Univ. of Pennsylvania |
| 1947-Bell Labs develops the transistor |
| 1951-the era of commercial computers begins with the UNIVAC; computers manufactured on a large scale for the first time |
| 1952-EDVAC could store information in memory, John Von Neumann was known as the architect of stored program concept |
| 1906 A.D.- Lee De Forest invents the vacuum tube |
| Mid-1950�s the transistor replaces vacuum tubes, birth of the second generation computers |
| 1959-Fairchild and Texas Instruments announce the integrated circuit developed by Kilby and Noyce |
| 1964-use of integrated circuits in the IBM 360; video display terminal replaces punch cards; main and auxiliary memory developed; birth of the third generation computers |
| 1970�s-large-scale integration of circuits leading to smaller computers, handheld calculators, and embedded computers. |
| Microprocessor technology launched the fourth generation of computers in 1971. |
| 1971-Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs build Apple Computers and sell them from a garage. Bill Gates and Paul Allen form Traf-O-Data (traffic analysis program) |
| 1972-Intel introduces the 8008 microprocessor (8 bit) the first one of its kind. |
| 1974-Intel introduces the 8080 microprocessor used in a microcomputer which created overwhelming public interest |
| Fifth generation computers (mid-1990�s): super fast computer chips, featuring voice recognition, foreign language translation, fiber optic networks, and optical discs.
AI and the use of the Internet are characteristic of this group of machines. |