The Emperor Penguin , at between 1.27 (3 ft 11 in) and 1.6 metres tall and 34 kilograms in mass, is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species. It is the only penguin that breeds during the winter in Antarctica . Emperor Penguins eat mainly crustaceans but also occasionally indulge in small fish and squid . In the wild, they typically live for 20 years, but some records indicate a maximum lifespan of around 40 years. The Emperor should not be confused with the closely related King Penguin or the Royal Penguin .
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Adults average about 1.15 meters (3 ft 9 in) and weigh 30 kilograms (75 lb) or more. The head and wings are black, the abdomen white, back bluish grey, and the bill is purplish pink. On the sides of the neck, there are two golden circular stripes. Like the King Penguin counterpart, a male Emperor Penguin has an abdominal fold, the "brood pouch", between its legs and lower abdomen .They have a thick coat of feathers that insulate the entire body, excluding only the legs. A distinguishing characteristic between males and females is their call. Females have a much higher pitch.
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Emperor penguin chicks are covered with a thick layer of light gray down. This covering ensures that they retain as much heat as possible; vital at this early stage when they are not capable of maintaining their body temperature. In addition, the infant Emperor penguin's orbital area is covered in white downy feathers, unlike the all-black feathered head of the adult.