Korean Women Today
Compared to those of other countries, Korea's tea rites are highly developed. These rites differ from ordinary tea ceremonies and can be categorized as dedication rites for various deities and rituals for offering tea to people. The object of a dedication rite may be Buddha, an ancestral or family god, the god of a mountain, or even the silkworm god.
Tea is healthy, enjoyable and stimulating, all good qualities. That is why tea has long been offered to gods and guests alike to demonstrate the server's respect and gladness. In the past, people believed that the stimulating effects of tea enabled mutual understanding between humans and gods, and the tea that was offered to a deity was drunk by those making the offering as a way to forge spiritual ties. In simple religious rites, tea was considered the most important form of offering as it was a means through which worshipers could convey their wishes.
The first historical record documenting the offering of tea to an ancestral god describes a rite tin the year 661 in which a tea offering was made to the spirit of Kong Suro, the founder of the Kaya Kingdom. Records from the KoryÖ Dynasty how that tea offerings were made in Buddhist temples to the spirits of revered monks.
During the ChosÖn Dynast, the royal family and the aristocracy used tea for simple rites, the "Day Tea Rite" was a common daytime ceremony, whereas the "Special Tea Rite" was reserved for specific occasions. These terms are not found in other countries, Toward the end of the ChosÖn Dynasty, commoners joined the trend and used tea for ancestral rites, following the Chinese example based on Zhu Xi's text formalities of Family.
In Korea, from long ago, it has also been common to offer tea to the living Kings and members of the royal court drank tea with due formality during rites for native gods as well as grand court ceremonies including the New Year's Day audience and mediation sessions prior to the announcement of harsh punishment. Tea played an important role in rituals announcing the principal queen or the crown prince and in commemorating a prince's birthday. More recently, tea was offered with formality to a parent during his or her 60th birthday celebration.
Korea is blessed with good, fresh potable water, so tea has not been an absolute necessity as in China. Tea became a refreshment for dispelling muddled thoughts and inducing self-discipline for those who studied and meditated; not only is tea a stimulant, but its taste depends on a careful, focused preparing. In other words, the preparing and drinking of tea was a means to find the Way for Confucians, Buddhists and Taoists.
Early records show that tea was drunk to help develop mental discipline. SÖl ch'ong (692-746), a Shilla scholar, wrote that tea and wine purify the mind. Ch'oe Ch'i-Won (857-894), another Shilla official, said that tea was an appropriate gift for an old man who meditated as well as for a Taoist follower, adding that he could forget his worries whenever he was presented with tea. The first person to elaborate a Korean tea philosophy was Neo-Confucianist Yi Sack (1328-1396), a dedicated enthusiast who emphasized the tea ceremony as a self-disciplinary measure. He believed that achieving self-discipline began with preparing tea with one's own hands. In other words, the tea ceremony was a practical means for seeking Confucian enlightenment. Chang Üi-sun (1786-1866), whose pen name was ch'o-Üi, asserted that steeping tea facilitated studying the philosophy of the Middle Way, and the calligrapher Kim ChÖ-hüi likened the preparing of tea to understanding the substance of the Way.
From early on, Korean Buddhists recognized the tea ceremony as a form of meditation, as it was in China and Japan. The idea that the tea ceremony was a form of meditation was shared not only among Buddhist monks but also among Confucian scholars, who wrote that's "a cup of tea is the beginning of Zen". Some said that tea was the Buddha, and According to various historical records, poetry and folk songs, tea drinking was thought to induce the enlightenment that led to becoming a Buddha, as can be seen in the tea rite of the seventh-century Pochön Buddhist ceremony. The Chinese monk Zhaozhou's expression "Have some tea before you go" was often used to mean "drink tea and reach enlightenment on your own." monks considered regular tea ceremonies as a disciplinary measure to purify their minds.
Taoists believed that drinking tea led to the cultivation of the body and mind toward purification, meditation, and eventually enlightenment. Preparing precious tea with loving care was the process by which to find the Way. and after drinking, one became free and in harmony with nature, unconcerned with material possessions or oneself. Yi Kyu-bo, a Koryö scholar, made the declaration that the tea ceremony and Taoism are one and the same.
It was not only scholars and monks who considered tea drinking a means of achieving self-discipline. Commoners also believed that tea relieved loneliness and calmed one's heart. a great comfort in everyday life, which in turn led to finding the Truth.
Tradional Women's Clothing:
Chogori and Ch'ima
Chogori for females have changed over time more than those for males. The
earliest versions went all the way to the hips and were tied at the waist.
By the late Chosun Dynasty (1392-1910), they only went as far as the arm
pits, with a longer front panel to cover the breasts. Dongchong (detachable
paper collars) help accent the woman's neck. Like the men's version, they
are tied across the chest in front with a bow.
The ch'ima is a rectangular or tubular skirt with a high, pleated waistband.
It is tied above the breasts with long sashes. By flowing over the rest of
the body, it completely hides the female shape, strongly influenced by the
Confucian society. Like the wide-legged paji for males, the billowing ch'ima
allows a great deal of freedom for squatting, the preferred position when
doing most household chores.
Durumagi
A durumagi is worn over regular clothes for warmth during cold weather.
Although originally worn by government officials and royalty as everyday
attire, commoners began wearing them for special occasions.
Gat-chogori
A gat-chogori was slightly bigger than an average chogori, but had rabbit
fur lining the inside to keep the body warm. The outside layer was made of
silk.
Changot
Noble class females of the late Chosun Dynasty (1392-1910) wore a changot to
cover their face and upper body whenever they went out in public. Similar to
the ssukae ch'ima worn by women of lower classes. Hiding the face created a
mysterious look.
Ssukae Ch'ima
Women wore this cloak-like clothing during the Chosun Dynasty (1392-1910)
whenever they went out in public. Although shaped like a ch'ima, it was
about 30 centimeters shorter and somewhat narrower. Depending on the season,
it either had two layers or was patched with cotton. The white collar could
be pinched in to hide ones face when a male approached.
Undergarments
Women would sometimes wear several layers of undergarments. Sok ch'ima
(similar to petticoats) helped give a female's hanbok a fuller appearance.
soggot- bloomers with
front and back openings
daeshun ch'ima- pleated petticoats of
starched ramie and Korean paper
Table Manners in Korea:
Lifting a spoon or chopsticks before the
elders do is not considered mannered.
Finishing meal before the elders do is not considered mannered, either.
When pouring wine or any kind of beverage to the elders, use both hands to
hold the wine bottle.
When your cup is poured by the elders, use both hands to hold the cup.
If you are drinking in front of elders, turn your torso a bit (20 degree) to
the side and drink .
Before the meal, always tell your hostess, " Jal Muk Get Sup Ni Da."
I will have a good meal- (Thank you for the meal.)
After the meal, "Jal Muk Ut Sup Ni Da."
I had a good meal - (That was very good.)
Don't get confused with one from the other!!
Facts about Korean Meal
In old times, having meals was the most important thing for a Korean.
In Korea, people still asks each other "Have you had lunch (or dinner)?"
instead of "How are you?"
Most of the Koreans love to eat hot and spicy food.
But, Korea started importing chilly peppers from 18 Century.
Imagine! Koreans eating white Kimchi (Baek Kimchi) everyday, instead of red
Kimchi.
Chinese and Japanese use only chopsticks when eating rice.
Somehow, Koreans use spoons.
When eating rice, lifting a rice bowl close to one's mouth is not considered
mannered in Korea
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