Козеине
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Lesson 1 |
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Лерисаит Introduction
Here are some lessons to learning (or just observing) Козеине. It contains some sample texts, easy-to-follow guides, pronunciation guides and transliterations. Any sample text will be shown as follows:
Козеине text
[pronunciation]
literal translation
English equivilant |
Шеш Йаспе Pronunciation
There will be a guide to pronunciation. It uses the pronunciations on the home page, and some extra symbols:
' - primary stress (syllable after this)
, - secondary stress (syllable after)
: - long vowel or consonant
Pronunciation will always be in [square brackets] |
Перистис Words for you to know for this lesson
у - 1st person pronoun (I, we)
e - 2nd person pronoun (you)
о - 3rd person pronoun (he, she, it, they)
тес - used to ask a question
сех ... - which ..., what ..., who, where
ка - of, for (if used as an adjective e.g. "my" it is "ка-...")
щист - person
йаспе - way, method
серис - good, well, nice, nicely
яда - day
чуат - do, go, work, be (not literal meanings... you'll find out later :) )
вес - be
нус - book |
First we should string together some simple sentences and questions. Using the sentence structure stated on the home page (Topic · Oblique · Verb · Agent · Patient)
Let's start with a simple sentence, for example asking and saying what something is.
Question:
1. Question marker - "тес"
2a. Think of the sentence parts. "To be" indicates a static quality, so there will be a topic, a verb and an agent.
2b. The topic is what the thing is, and that's what you're enquiring about, so this will be "сех" with the topic suffix "и"
2c. The verb is, obviously "вес" (to be).
2d. The agent, the one being what you are enquiring about, is in this case "о" (with the agent suffix "та")
3. Now all you have to do is put them together like so:
тес сехи вес ота
[tes 'se:þi ves 'o:ta]
*q what.tpc be it.agt
What is it?
That wasn't so hard, was it? Well... maybe it was if you're a beginner, but you'll soon get the hang of it. Now we need to answer the question. Because we're not asking a question, the "тес" isn't required, and nor is the "сех" because we know what it is (in this case, it will be a book). This means that the question is answered as follows:
нуси вес ота
['nu:si ves o:ta]
book.tpc be it.agt
It is a book |
Now let's ask and answer a harder question - "How is your day?" "My day is well"
This form of "to be" isn't quite the same - it could easily be replaced with "go" ("How goes your day?"), so it is чуат instead. This, among other things, is an intransitive verb, so there won't be a topic in this sentence. Now let's plan the question:
1. Question - "тес"
2a. We are enquiring about the way in which something is, so "сех" is used as an adverb. We have an agent and a verb.
2b. Adverb - сех йаспе ("what way" or "how")
2c. Verb - чуат ("goes", "does", "is")
2d. Adjective -
ка-e ("of-you", "your")
2e. Agent -
ядата ("day.agt")
3. Put them together:
тес сех йаспе чуат ка-е ядата
[tes seþ 'ja:spe ðuat ka e
'źda:ta]
*q what way go of-you day.agt
How is your day going?
We can answer this in the same way as before - remove the question marker and replace the "сех ..." with the answer:
серис чуат ка-у ядата
['se:ris ðuat ka u 'źda:ta]
good go of-I day
My day is going well |
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