Лерисаит Introduction
Козеине is an engineered language origionally made for personal use and linguistic study. The main sketch was for it to have very few declensions, a different sentence-structure to the oh-so-common Subject-Verb-Object structure, and a different alphabet to English to go with it. It wouldn't be related to any languages or language families in any way, be it grammar or vocabulary (except perhaps placenames).

Be warned, for most language learners, especially native English-speakers, this language is very challenging. If you don't know the meaning of words like transitive, intransitive, oblique, topic, agent, etc... then I advise that you learn what they mean before continuing. If you have a good knowledge of these words, you are likely to have no problems studying this language.

Also, there is a lexicon containing all the words in Козеине located here. More information regarding the language will be added soon, and I might make a section about linguistics in general. It is advised, even if you don't wish to learn the language for any communication purposes, that you visit the lessons section. It details things like politeness, atransitive verbs and alot more (it is still incomplete, and may continue to grow indefinitely).

Enjoy, good luck! If you have any questions or suggestions, feel free to email me, or visit the forum. You can even suggest new vocabulary for Козеине, and most suggestions, if they are within the letter-rules (see underneath the alphabet guide), will be accepted.

Click here to return to the home page.

Упоба Alphabet
Unexpectedly, the Козеине alphabet contains 26 letters, as does English. The only difference is that the alphabet is, as you may have guessed, Cyrillic, so the letters aren't quite the same. As you may notice later, the letters х, ч, ж, щ and я are pronounced very differently to their Russian counterparts, and the Russian letters ё ц ъ ы ь э and ю aren't used. Here is a table showing the various letters, their IPA symbol and their pronunciation:

Stress is always on the first syllable of a word. If the first syllable contains two vowels, it is on the first vowel (even though the dipthong is pronounced as one syllable).

Words can never have two consonants together in one word, unless they are a group II with a group III and are both voiced or both unvoiced (so 'бс' and 'вт' aren't accepted). It can contain up to two vowels together if one vowel in the dipthong is either 'и' or 'у'.

The only things written using capital letters are the first letters of names of people, countries or languages, or the first letter of titles - not sentences! Also, full stops aren't used, and the 'alternative' ' · ' is used to separate sentences, for example:

My name is Klaivas · I come from England
Клаиваси вес ка-ути шести · усет Анегалие ерат уа

Яиана Йеде Хос Basic Grammar

Here is a basic sketch of the grammatical structure of sentences:
--- Sentence structure: Topic, Oblique, Verb, Agent, Patient - 'TOVAP' (abbreviated as '.tpc' '.obl' '.agt' and '.pnt')
--- Descriptions (adjectives and adverbs) precede the sentence part
--- Prepositions will precede the sentence part and the adjective or adverb
--- Number, mood, tense, auxilliary verbs, etc, will come after the sentence part.

An example sentence using English words could be:
In the room, the teacher gives the book to the boy
in room.obl teacher.agt give book.tpc boy.pnt

Endings for the four sentence parts are as follows:

The ending on the left hand side of the comma is if the noun ends in a consonant or a single i or o. The right is for -a, -e, -u and double-vowel-ending nouns. These are the only inflexional conjugations the language has, so shouldn't be hard to learn. Here are the four nouns and one verb used in the sentence above, along with the locative marker:
--- нус - book
--- гери - room
--- мират - teacher
--- кур - student
--- пирис - give
--- ор - locative marker (abbr. '*loc')

Putting into mind the sentence structure and conjugations, the above-shown sentence is as follows:
нуси ор герие пирис мирата куро
book.tpc *loc room.obl give teacher.agt boy.pnt

When, for example, just stating a noun as a title, calling a name, etc, you should use the basic form (no endings). Sentence parts can be very hard to master, so I will give a guide. Verbs are obvious, as are adverbs and adjectives, so there's no point in me mentioning them.
Topic - Believe it or not, this is the topic of the sentence.
Oblique - This is for locatives and other parts that don't fit into the other three sections.
Agent - This is the thing that is doing the thing in the sentence. Note, if saying something is something, an agent doesn't exist in the sentence (otherwise you'd be saying “.1. makes .2. be .2.”).
Patient - This is the thing that is having something done to it, given to it, etc.

Some example sentences using the information above are:
Pies are disgusting. - А is T - transitive - 'to be' indicates a static quality
Flies like bees. - А likes P - transitive
I live in Harrogate. - A lives in O - intransitive
I like to give pieces of fish to whales. - A likes to give T to P - ditransitive
I see a green fish which has three eyes. - A sees P , W-PA has P - transitive + transitive

One interesting thing is verbs that can become atransitive (this doesn't occur in English), for example:
патаст - it is raining ("rains")
ор посте курест - it is loud here ("at here louds")

Йеде Хис More Grammar

There's no point knowing where to put words if you have no words to put in a sentence. This page will show some words that demonstrate things like location, plurals or number.

Location
ор - at, in (basic locative marker) (*loc)
исет - to, into, towards
усет - from, out of
пер - underneath
фиса - on top of
нут - through, between
ка - of
пост - here

Plural and Number
хос - a small group (*sg)
хот - a large group (*lg)
хис - a group getting larger (*ig)
хит - a group getting smaller (*dg)
окси - none, nothing, not, no, zero (*n)
деро - all, every (*a)
гес - some, few, a few (*s)

Lists
и - and
ще - or
тен - and/or
тус - (but) not

Tense Markers
ау - past (*pt)
оу - future (*ft)
еу - present continuous (*pct)

Other useful words
ич - something, anything, which (this may need two inflexional endings)
у - first person pronoun
е - seond person pronoun
о - third person pronoun
тес - question marker (*q)

Examples of usage:
чистерие ор здирасеи жеруши утаи
grass.tpc *loc outside.obl see I.age
I see grass outside

исет здирасе жеруши ау ута хос нусо , чистери вес ау ичиа
to outside.obl see *pt I.agt *sgr book.pnt , green.tpc is *pt which.pat.agt
We looked outside where we saw a book which was green.

Some sentences in Козеине can't be as easily translated into English:
исет здирасе жеруши ау ута нусо , сериси вес ау окси ичаа
to outside.obl see *pt I.agt book.pnt , well.tpc is *pt *n which.agt.agt
I looked outside where I saw a book. I wasn't well at the time.

нестаси рест еу курo
science.tpc teach *pct boy.pnt
The boy is studying science

нестаси рест еу мирата куро
science.tpc teach *pct teacher.agt boy.pnt
The boy is learning science from the teacher

Лаула хот Numbers

The numbers follow a pattern of going '1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4-10, 3-10, 2-10, 1-10, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 4-20, 3-20, 2-20, 1-20, 20' etc, as is shown here.