Chronology of Cambodian History, 1400-1699
YEAR
1400
Le Quy Ly deposes the last Tran Emperor of the Dai Viet and becomes Emperor
with the name Ho Quy.
1405
Samtac Chao Phaya Phing-ya Nippean-bat (1405 - 1409), Khmer king.
1409
Lampang Paramaraja (1409 - 1416), Khmer king.
1416
Sorijovong or Lambang (1416 - 1425), Khmer king.
1417
Pongsa Voda records the
Siamese’s siege of Angkor, which capitulated after seven months during which
Khmer ministers had gone over to the enemy, taking a great number of
followers. [22]
1425
Barom Racha, or Gamkhat Ramadhapati (1425 - 1429), Khmer king.
1429
Thommo-Soccorach, or Dharmasoka (1429 - 1431), Khmer king.
1431
Paramaraja II of Ayuthaya sacks Angkor. Khmer capital is relocated to Srei Santhor region.
1432
Ponhea Yat, or Gam Yat (1432-?) comes to the Khmer throne. The King begins his reign at Angkor.
1433
King Ponhea Yat abandons
Angkor and moves his court to Basan. [14]
1434
The Khmer royal court (capital) move from Basan to Phnom Penh. According to Pongsa Voda (Chronicle)
Khmer, “…in 1434, Tuesday, the ninth day of the waning moon, in the month of
Pisakh in the year of the Tiger, 6th in the decade, the King left
Basan, where he had resided for only one year, and went by boat to Phnom Daun
Penh, accompanied by his mandarins and all his household.”
1444
Siamese capture Angkor.
1471
Emperor Le Thanh-tong of Dai Viet annexes the northern provinces of Champa (today
Vietnam).
1473
Siamese invade and sack the capital.
1505
Khmer Royal court moves to
Udong. [22] [Map | Image]
1516
Barom Reachea II or Chau Ponhea Chan (r. 1516 - 1566) Khmer king.
1528
Khmer Royal court moves to Longvaek. [22]
1556
A Portuguese missionary,
Gaspar de Cruze, cames to Longvaek in an attempt to convert Camboidains to
Christianity. He leaves a year later
disappointedly unable to convert any Cambodians, whom he blames for believing
in superstitions and loyalty to Buddhism. [29]
1567
Barom Reachea III (r. 1567 - 1575), Khmer king.
1575
Barom Reachea IV or Satha (1575 - c. 1594), Khmer king.
1580
Portugal and Spain send reinforcements
of Spanish soldiers of fortune and Dominicans from Manila, the Philippines,
to protect Portuguese in Cambodia.
Many Portuguese traders and missionaries are in the Khmer court of
Longvaek. [14]
1583
Pongsa Voda accounts a Siamese
invasion with 100,000 men, 800 elephants, and 15,000 horses; it also details
the abduction of the King’s chief wife, and the flight of the King’s elderly
aunt. The Siamese account of the same
incidence describes the victorious Siamese king bathing his feet in the blood
of the fallen Khmer king before departing with 50,000 prisoners. [22]
1585
Diego Belloso, a Portuguese
adventurer, comes to Longvaek. He
later married a relative of the King. [30]
1587
Siamese unsuccessfully besieges Khmer's capital, Longvaek.
1593
A Spaniard adventurer Blaz
Ruiz de Hernan Gonzales arrives in Longvaek.
He is one of a band of Portuguese and Spaniard traders and adventurers
come to Cambodia. [14]
1594
Reama 1st (1594 –
1596), Khmer king; Thai sacks Longvaek.
1595
Diego Belloso manages to
convince Dasmarinas, the Governor of the Philippines, to send military expedition
to protect the King Satha's throne and at the same time establish de facto
Spanish rule over the Khmer court.
Three ships with 130 soldiers are sent. [14] [30]
1596
Ream 2nd or Chau
Ponhea Nou (1596 – 1597), Khmer king.
The Hispano-Portuguese
expedition sent from the Philippines arrives in Phnom Penh, but the King had already
fled the court at Srei
Santhor and Reama Chung Prei is installed. Belloso and Ruiz, who comes
with the expedition, along with 38 men go to Srei Santhor and attack the
palace at night. They kill King Reama
and fight their way back to their ships at Phnom Penh. [14]S
April
12, 1596
Portuguese Belloso and
Spaniard Ruiz’s men attack and ruthlessly kill Chinese traders in Phnom
Penh. They also burn houses in the
Chinese quarter of Phnom Penh. [14]
May 1596
Veloso, Ruiz and some 40 of
their men make a surprise attack on the Khmer court at Srei Santhor, killing
the King, burning his palace and blowing up a powder magazine. They then return to their ships in Phnom
Penh and fled. [14]
1597
Barom Reachea V (r. 1597 – 1599), Khmer king second reign.?
May 1597
Veloso and Ruiz, who fled
Cambodia after killing a Khmer King the previous year, reappears with the son
of King Satha Chau Ponhea Ton (Barom Reachea II), who takes the throne at
Srei Santhor. [14]
1599
Barom Reachea VI (1599 –
1600), Khmer king.
Spaniard and Malays in Phnom
Penh clashed, in which Veloso and Ruiz are killed. The Portuguese and Spaniard adventurers are at Srei Santhor for
discussion with the King as violent incident occurred in Phnom Penh between
Spaniards and Malays. Against the
King’s advice for them to hide and wait for the violence to calm down, the
two adventurers rush to Phnom Penh to help their compatriots and are both
killed. [14]
1600
Kev Fa 1st or Chau
Ponhea Nhom (1600 – 1602), Khmer king.
1602
Barom Reachea VII or Srei Soriyopor (r. 1602 – 1619), Khmer king.
1612
July 1612
Peter Floris arrives in Phnom
Penh through the Mekong; he appeares to be the first British to reach Phnom
Penh. [14]
1619
Chey Chetta II (r. 1618 – 1627), Khmer king.
1620
A new palace is built at
Udong. [22]
Dec. 1620
A Dutch under-merchant ship
arrives in Phnom Penh.
1627
Barom Reachea (Outei)?
[Opphayoreach], Khmer king.
Srei Thoamareachea 1st
or Chau Ponhea To (1627 – 1632), Khmer king.
1632
Ang Tong Reachea or Chau
Ponhea Nou (1632 – 1640), Khmer king.
1637
The Dutch East Indies Company
establishes its first factory in Cambodia. [14]
1640
Botum Reachea 1st
or Ang Non (1640 – 1642), Khmer king.
1642
Reameathipadei 1st
or Chau Ponhea Chan (1642 – 1658) ascended the Khmer throne.
King Ponhea Chan, in response
to the disorder of traders, issues a decree that all Khmer or foreign ships
arriving from other countries would not be permitted to moor at Phnom Penh
unless their masts and helms are removed. [14]
1643
Sept. 1643
Manager of the Dutch factory
Pierre de Regemortes, following disturbances, presents himself at the Oudong
Court to protest against the violence and damage suffered by his
company. Irritated by his insolence,
the Royal Guard kills him and his followers.
At the same time, the trading post is pillaged, 36 of the company’s
men are killed and some 50 others are thrown into prison. [14]
1644
March
23, 1644
To re-establish the Company’s
prestige in Cambodia, the Council of the Indies decides to mount a reprisal expedition
by dispatching a squadron of ships comprising the Kievit, the Dolphin, the
Wakende Boei and the Noorster, carrying 432 well-armed men, under the command
of Admiral Hendrik Harouze and Vice-Admiral Simon Jacobsz Domkins.
June 3, 1644
Three of the four ships sent
by the Indies Company arrives off Phnom Penh;
July 22, 1644
Dutch ship ‘the Noordster’
is attacked by the Khmer Royal ships, which include the ships Rijswijk and
Oranjeboom captured from the Dutch the previous year. [14]
1646
The King agrees to hand back
the Dutch prisoners who were captured three years earlier, as well as the
seized merchandise. [14]
1651
A British merchant comes to
Phnom Penh and Longvaek
in August to set up a factory. In his
diary, he described the rivers at Phnom Penh: “Three big rivers traverse the
country, but all three converge at the site of the principal town. This town is called Pantaprick by the
people of the country and Camboja by the Malays and Christians. The three rivers are the Bussack, the
Kerringheze and the Sending. The
Bussack lies to the west, the Kerringheze to the east, and the Sending between
the two. The distance from the mouth
of the river to the town of Camboja is about 190 miles. If a ship wishes to mount the river in
Jan. Feb. March or April and is aided by a favorable wind and the tide, it
can reach Camboja in five days.
During the months of May and June the voyage would take 10 to 12
days. In Aug. and Sept. the current
is so swift and the winds so unfavorable that the journey can take more than
52 days.” [14]
1653
Bastian de Bouillon, according
to the English documents, appeares to be the first Frenchman to arrive in
Cambodia. He arrives from Batavia with
two junks laden with cloth worth 30,000 reals. [14]
1655
The King and East Indies
Company reach an agreement under which Khmer would pay restitution for the
damage to the Company’s trading post; however, the Dutch have to forego the
trade monopoly in Cambodia. [14]
1656
The British hands over their
trading post to the Dutch. Soon after
the British set up a trading post in Cambodia, the Dutch make relentless war
on the British trading competitors, who later withdraw completely from
Cambodia. [14]
1659
Barom Reachea VIII or Ang So
(1659 – 1672), Khmer king.
Dutch trading post in Phnom
Penh is sacked by Annameses.
1662
The Society of Foreign
Missionary of Paris (Societe des Missions Etrangeres de Paris) is set up in the
Siamese capital. A few years later it
tries to extend its religious activities to Cambodia but encounters the
opposition of the Spanish Dominicans, who are determined to defend their
fief. [14]
1664
Reameathipadei ? (Outei
Sorivong Ang Tan) [Opphayoreach] (1664 – 1674), Khmer king.
1665
French Father Louis Chevreul
establishes himself in the Svay Rieng area.
He later moves to Phnom Penh and finally to Oudong. However, discouraged by Khmer indifference
and the hostility of the Hispano-Portugese, the priest abandoned his
evangelist effort and leave Cambodia. [14]
1667
July 9, 1667
The yacht Schelvisch
arrives at the trading post in Phnom Penh to evacuate Dutch traders, but that
night the Chinese forestall the Dutch and invade their establishment,
murdering the factor, Pierre Ketting, along with some of his men and seize
the money and goods before withdrawing. [14]
July 12, 1667
The Schelvisch left
Phnom Penh, marking the end of the East Indies Company in Cambodia. [14]
1672
Botum Reachea II or Srei Chei
Chet (1672 – 1673), Khmer king.
1673
Kev Fa II or Ang Chi (1673 –
1677), Khmer king.
1674
Botum Reachea ? (Ang Non)
[Opphayoreach] (1674 – 1691), Khmer king.
1677
Chei Chettha III or Ang So
(1677 – 1695), Khmer king first reign.
1695
Reameathipadei II or Ang Yang
(1695 – 1696), Khmer king.
1696
Chei Chettha III or Ang So
(1696 – 1700), Khmer king second reign.
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