Abstract:  Hypothesis - Single Working Stars (still burning) 
whose mass creates an escape velocity in excess of the 
velocity of light, retain their radiation until their 
internal mass falls beneath the critical radiation retention 
value.



Well... let me announce firstly that you cannot see such a 
star.  It is a black hole, albeit a tiny one on comparative 
scales.  Norma cluster conceals for example, a 
5x1016 or 50,000,000,000,000,000 
solar mass object.

Anyhow, back to our "little guy" black hole that is over 500 
times the mass of our own star.  When a star accrets more 
mass through some collision or other accretion process (what 
other processes are there?) and that added mass increases 
the gravitation of the star up to say some value short of 
creating an escape velocity of c what radiation (light) that 
does escape after that, does so at some humongous red- 
shifted value.

To our astronomers, it may look like that the radiation is 
coming from the edge of the universe so gravitationally red- 
shifted it is.

May these types of stars be confused with red giants?
Or are they the red giants themselves?

Joe doesn't know the answer to that one, that is astronomer 
stuff.  

Okay, back to our 'little star' that just got fatter.  It is 
sitting there now, being drawn and putt-putting towards some 
other gravitational force when it gets clobbered by yet 
another putt-putting mass.

Now the collected mass of all three masses is such, that it 
generates so much gravitation, that the combined escape 
velocities are added together (sort of) to create an escape 
velocity of something in excess of the velocity of light or 
c.  So now you need to go faster than light to get off this 
little black hole.  any takers?

Our little star is still burning inside and giving off a lot 
of energy in the form of heat and light and still doing its 
sunspot dances although, now they are all contained with the 
event horizon of the little black hidden star.

Well, 'little' if you call very roughly 500 times the size
of our own star little.  But... no one can see a thing from
the outside.  Because it doesn't look like it is there.  Light 
from behind it gravitationally wraps around it and hides it 
sort of... 

Okay now our little putt-putt keeps burning and burning and 
using up its mass, converting it to light, losing about m 
tons of mass per second over the perhaps t millions of 
years.

Inside, the retaining mass and its event horizon keeps 
getting littler and littler until finally it approaches mass 
escape velocity and event horizon values that is 
representative or under or corresponds to the values close 
to c (the speed of light).

The retained radiation all during this time was closely held 
by the small black hole's gravitational field and was slowly 
increasing inversely, as the mass of the star kept 
decreasing down to a radiation release value of less than c 
escape velocity...

The first light (radiation) to escape off this ever 
decreasing mass still burning star is extremely red-shifted.  
But once the escape velocity is below c, it is below c, and 
when that happens all the retained radiation is released at 
once.

Ka-pow-ee!

out it goes.

All the retained energy and radiation and whatever else 
stars pour out blasts forth, like kids getting out of school 
for the summer.

dismal er... distant astronomers who are doing their job and 
looking at stars that night see a bright flash in the sky 
above.  Those on the under side of the planet see the same 
bright flash in the sky below.

The ones on the back side are just out of luck.

For myself i never get to see any of it as i am in training 
as a couch potato and watching the television commercials 
wondering if i should spend $3,000 for a high definition 
television to watch high definition commercials on.

Now all this is/was from a single star and not a discussion 
of binary systems.  The sigma mass of all the withheld 
radiation is not under high pressure containment so it 
doesn't produce an additive gravity sufficient to continue 
its containment when the main star goes below the c 
threshold for escape velocity.

But what would happen if the additive gravity was large 
enough to bring the escape velocity up to the value or in 
excess of c?  What would we have then?  an interesting 
question.  the reality of which however, at this 
uninvestigated time, remains in grave doubt.  maybe...

As the mass continually shrunk through burning it would
finally amount to an almost pure black energy hole!
i doubt if any of these really exist.  but... don't count
the cosmos out for not throwing curve balls.

Okay, so now what is the net effect of this 'explosion' in 
space?

Well, it looks like a nova sort of...

But:  consider the black hole mass plus the additive mass 
turned to various amounts of radiation:

502 main mass plus 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,..50..100..200, 
400, 500, 550 and on and on of solar mass converted to 
radiation?

We then get just bigger and bigger celestial firecrackers 
with no standard firecracker for sure occuring per given 
flash in the night sky.

Detectable gravity waves?  probably not as there is no new 
creation or destruction of mass that would alter gravity 
(warped spacetime)

a lot of radiation?  you bet!  don't be anywhere near around 
one of these things when it goes off or you will be instant 
hickory smoked human.

About our best bet for leftovers is a red giant type of 
celestial object.  the now just below c escape velocity mass 
of the former black hole will let radiation escape.  The 
nature of such drawn down energy i have to leave to the real 
scientists.  is it drawn down all the way to the infrared
level?  radio?  vhf?  uhf?  by me...

Of course the star appears to be very far away due to its 
red shift but the escaping 'tired' radiation maybe 
erroneously leads us to think that given its distance this
must be a very big and powerful system.  

But nothing could be further from the truth.  It is just a
close by little guy blowing its nose. 

Thus endeth this erudite discourse on Celestial Firecrackers 
and the lack of any standard candle contained therein.  The 
only thing they have in common is the same critical mass 
amount to just release radiation. Their distance and how 
much radiation they release is up for grabs on an individual 
basis.  This is not crab nebulae stuff, crab nebulae is a 
binary system i surmise, given the 30 cps signal coming 
therefrom.  this system has been addressed in another 
chapter.