Language Skill Review

A-B-C Order / Alphabetical Order
Antonyms
Capital Letters
Nouns
Compound Words
Consonants
Homonyms
Punctuation Marks
Rhyming Words
Silent E Rule
Suffixes
Verbs
Vowels
Wild Words

A-B-C Order / Alphabetical Order

When you arrange words in a-b-c order you say they are in alphabetical order. You arrange words in alphabetical order by the first letter in each word.

Example:
at
box
cat
dig

If there is more than one word that begins with the same letter you must then look at the second letter:

Example:
am
apple
as

If the first two letters are the same then you must look at the third letter.

Example:
clap
clip
clock

Antonyms

Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings.

Examples:
hot/cold
yes/no
boy/girl

Capital Letters

Use a capital letter at the beginning of each sentence.
Example:
The apple is red.

When "I" stands alone and is used in place of your name it is to be capitalized.

Example:
I like to swim in the pool.

A proper noun names a special person, place, thing or event. All proper nouns begin with a capital letter.

Examples:

Special Persons
Mary Jones
Joe Smith

Places
Washington D.C.
Chicago

Things
Statue of Liberty

Names Given to pets
Fluffy
Toto

Events
Super Bowl
State Fair

Days of the week begin with a capital letter.
Example:

Sunday
Monday
Tuesday

Holidays begin with capital letters.

Example:

Fourth of July
Labor Day
Christmas
Hanukkah

Compound Words

Compound words are two or more words put together.

Examples:
blue + bird = bluebird
base + ball = baseball
dog + house = doghouse

Consonants

The consonant letters are all the letters remaining and usually y and w.

Homonyms

Homonyms are words that sound alike but are spelled differently and have different meanings.

Examples:
see - sea
to - too - two
know - no
their - there

Nouns

Nouns are words that name people, places, or things.

Examples:

person
mother
father

place
school
home

thing
bat
ball

Punctuation Marks

Every sentence ends with a punctuation mark.

A telling sentence ends with a period.

Examples:
That man will help you.
Mary saw a rainbow.

An asking sentence ends with a question mark.

Examples:
Will it rain today?
Do you like to play soccer?

Titles in front of peoples' names end with a period.

Examples:
Dr. Nancy Smith
Mr. Ed Gets
Mrs. Judi Jones
Ms. Sally Ames

Rhyming Words

Rhyming words have the same vowel sounds and ending consonant sounds.

Examples:

cat�~�sing�~�fox�~�air
sat�~�king�~�box�~�stair
mat�~�ring�~�socks�~�care

Silent E Rule

When a word ends in e the vowel in the word usually makes its long sound and the e is silent.

Examples:
hop - hope
can - cane
kit - kite

Suffixes

A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to a base or root word.
s/es

Add s or es to make a noun mean more than one, or a verb to mean present tense.

Add s to most nouns and verbs.

Examples:

tree
trees

snack
snacks

ring
rings

hit
hits

If a noun or verb ends in x , z , ss , sh , or ch usually add es.

Examples:

branch
branches

brush
brushes

buzz
buzzes

change y to i and add es

If a consonant comes before the y at the end of the word change y to i and add es.

Examples:
Try - tries��penny - pennies ��puppy - puppies

When a short vowel word ends with only one consonant, usually double the consonant before adding the suffixes ing or ed.

Examples:

swim
swimming

hop
hopped

If a word ends with silent e, drop the e before adding ing, ed, or er.

Examples:
make - making
large - larger
bake - baked

Verbs

Verbs are action words.
They tell us what is happening now or what has happened in the past.
To some verbs we add ed to tell the past tense.

Examples:
Now - I brush my teeth every morning.
Past - Yesterday I brushed my teeth.

Some verbs use a different form of the word to tell the past tense.

Examples:
Now - I give my mother a hug everyday.
Past - I gave my father a hug this morning.

Vowels

The vowel letters are a, e, i, o, u and sometimes y and w.

y is a vowel when it comes at the end of the word and it has the long I or long e sound.

Examples:
try
candy

w is a vowel when it is part of a vowel digraph or diphthong.

Examples:
saw (digraph)
how (diphthong)

Wild Words

Wild words do not usually follow the phonics rules and sometimes contain silent letters.

Phonics Rules

Short vowel rule:

If a word or syllable has only one vowel and it comes at the beginning or between two consonants, the vowel is usually short.

Example:
at, us, stop, pig

Long vowel rules:

If a word or syllable has two vowels, the first vowel usually stands for the long sound and the second vowel is silent.

Example:
coat, team, tape, day

If a word or syllable has one vowel, and it comes at the end of the word or syllable, the vowel is usually long.

Example:
so, me, baby

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