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The Jewish calendar is used for religious purposes by Jews all over the world, and it is the official calendar of Israel.
The Jewish calendar is a combined solar/lunar calendar, in that it strives to have its years coincide with the tropical year and its months coincide with the synodic months. This is a complicated goal, and the rules for the Jewish calendar are correspondingly fascinating.
Lunisolar calendars use months to approximate the tropical year. Examples are the Jewish and Chinese calendars. Since 12 months are about 11 days shorter than the tropical year, a leap month (also called intercalary month) is inserted about every third year to keep the calendar in tune with the seasons. The big question is how to do this. A simple method is to just base it on nature. In ancient Israel, the religious leaders would determine the date for Passover each spring by seeing if the roads were dry enough for the pilgrims and if the lambs were ready for slaughter. If not, they would add one more month. An aboriginal tribe in Taiwan would go out to sea with lanterns near the new moon at the beginning of spring. If the migrating flying fish appeared, there would be fish for New Year's reunion dinner. If not, they would try their luck next month.
List of Months;
Tishri
Heshvan
Kislev
Tevet
Shevat
Adar I
Adar II
Nisan
Iyar
Sivan
Tammuz
Av
Elul
The month Adar I is only present in leap years. In non-leap years Adar II is simply called "Adar."
Chinese
Christian
Indian
Islamic
Jewish
Ethiopian
Persian
Balinese
Baha'i
Ancient
French
Mayan
Roman
http://www.hebrewcalendar.net/htdocs/main.en.html
http://search.aish.com/holidays/default.asp?s=g&k=jewishholidays
http://www.akhlah.com/