The "theory" (more of an unsubstantiated conjecture) of evolution, namely that variation within a species (a population potentially capable of interbreeding and supposedly exclusively capable of interbreeding with members of the same species) and speciation (the erection of some sort of barrier than prevents two populations from interbreeding so that the two populations become separate species from one another) gradually resulted in all diversity between species, is what is commonly referred to as "evolution." Evolution can also mean "change over time," but this meaning is not what is referred to by the theory of evolution.
Evolutionist G. A. Kerkut defined the general theory of evolution (GTE) as "the theory that all the living forms in the world have arisen from a single source which itself arose from an inorganic form." (Source: G. A. Kerkut, Implications of Evolution, p. 157)
The traditional "scientific" (evolutionary/naturalistic) scenario/model:
1) The universe came into being billions of years ago in the Big Bang
2) The earth formed from interstellar dust approximately 4.6 billion years ago
3) Life began a few billion years ago in the form of a "simple," unicellular organism, possibly preceded by some other form of organized system capable of self-replication
4) All forms of life on earth are descended from a common ancestor, the above-mentioned unicellular organism
5) Natural selection acting upon random mutations, as well as other factors, resulted in the the development of more advanced forms of life from the original cell over vast amounts of time through an accumulation of small genetic changes
6) Life continued to develop over eons of time into higher and higher life forms through these same processes
7) Man is descended from the same relatively recent ancestor as the apes
"Microevolution" and "Macroevolution":
While these are probably not the best terms (since they appear to indicate that the only difference is one of scale), they are widely used and need to be defined.
Microevolution (other names: horizontal evolution, the special theory of evolution):
Microevolution is a commonly observed phenomenon. It can involve alterations in gene frequency within an existing population and may include loss or sorting of information, but there is no increase of viable new information that is passed on from generation to generation in order to produce an entirely new kind of creature. Thus, this should not be termed evolution. It includes variation within species and speciation that does not involve the generation of new information. Many of the so-called "proofs" of evolution are wonderful examples of microevolution, but unless they are examples of "macroevolution," they lend no support of evolutionary theory.
Macroevolution (other names: vertical evolution, the general theory of evolution, universal common ancestry):
Macroevolution is essentially the generation of new inheritable genetic information via random mutations. This is at the heart of the so-called "theory of evolution" and has never been observed.
Two excellent quotes apply to this:
"Natural selection may explain the survival of the fittest, but it cannot explain the arrival of the fittest."--Hugo deVries (Source: Species and Varieties: Their Origin by Mutation, 1905, pp. 825-826)
"No matter how numerous they may be, mutations do not produce any kind of evolution."--Pierre-Paul Grasse (Source: Evolution of Living Organisms, 1977, p. 88)
Options for the Origin of the Universe:
1) The universe is merely an illusion: no serious scientist should even bother thinking about this one, as it defies all logic and effectively makes science futile.
2) The universe has always existed: aside from the impossibility of a completed series of infinite events which would be required for such to be possible, the second law of thermodynamics means that if this were true then the universe would have achieved heat-death an eternity ago
3) The universe came into being as a result of natural laws: it defies the first law of thermodynamics (that matter/energy cannot be created or destroyed by natural means) and it denies the law of cause and effect. There is an excellent quote that I have found:
"You cannot fudge this by appealing to quantum mechanics. Either there is nothing to begin with, in which case there is no quantum vacuum, no pre-geometric dust, no time in which anything can happen, no physical laws that can effect a change from nothingness into somethingness; or there is something, in which case that needs explaining."--David Darling, astronomer (Source: "On Creating Something from Nothing," New Scientist, vol. 151, issue 2047, 14 September 1996, p. 49)
4) The universe had a beginning that cannot be attributed to natural laws currently function, or any cause within the universe, and thus the cause exists independently of space-time.
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