Panama City, Panama
Investigate the impact of humans on the biodiversity of an area, particularly with regards to ant species.
Table 1: Descriptions of Habitats
|
Habitat |
Description |
|
1 |
A sidewalk outside of a small restaurant. No food for ants outside. Well-maintained and regularly cleaned. Used to show the minimum degree of opportunity and maximum degree of human interference. |
|
2 |
A rural bus-stop located underneath a tree. Excess of food and wrappers left on the ground. Not very well cared for and never cleaned. Used to show the maximum degree of opportunity and minimum degree of human interference. |
|
3 |
A river-bed with a healthy population of green foliage. No external human sources of food available for ants. Never maintained or cleaned. No human impact. Used to show the minimum degree of opportunity and minimum degree of human interference. |
|
4 |
Underneath a shelf in a rural store. Constant supply of food from open packages on shelves. Regularly maintained and cleaned; very well-kept. Used to show the maximum degree of opportunity and maximum degree of human interference. |
Table 2: Collection Times
|
Collection |
Total Time After Placement (minutes:seconds) |
|
First Collection |
15:00 |
|
Second Collection |
30:00 |
|
Third Collection |
45:00 |
Table 3: Detailed Descriptions of Morphotypes
|
Morphotype |
Observation |
|
A |
Approximately 1.5-2.0 mm long. Slender body shape with a dark black hue. Thin thorax with a semi-translucent color Long spindly antenna. |
|
B |
Approximately 1.0-1.5 mm long. Extremely small stubby body of a black hue. Head, thorax, and abdomen are approximately of equal proportion. |
|
C |
Approximately 2.5-3.0 mm long. Very large bodies, with an extremely enlarged blocky head and pincers. Red head contrasts with black body. Apparently relatives of morphotype A. |
|
D |
Approximately 1.0-1.5 mm long. Extremely small stubby body of a red hue. Head, thorax, and abdomen are approximately of equal proportion. Small white spot on underside of abdomen. |
|
E |
Approximately 2.5-3.0 mm long. Large body with long legs. Greenish hue. Presence of 8 legs, fused thorax and head, and distinctive body structure suggests that it is an arachnid. |
Table 4: Habitat 1 - Total Individuals Collected
|
|
Total Number of Individuals of each Bait |
|
|
|
Morphotype |
Sugar |
Tuna |
Total Number of Individuals |
|
A |
4 |
12 |
16 |
|
B |
0 |
29 |
29 |
|
C |
4 |
6 |
10 |
|
D |
2 |
4 |
6 |
|
E |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
All Morphotypes and Baits |
61 |
||
Table 5: Habitat 2 - Total Individuals Collected
|
|
Total Number of Individuals of each Bait |
|
|
|
Morphotype |
Sugar |
Tuna |
Total Number of Individuals |
|
A |
0 |
139 |
139 |
|
B |
6 |
7 |
13 |
|
C |
0 |
4 |
4 |
|
D |
0 |
15 |
15 |
|
E |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
All Morphotypes and Baits |
172 |
||
Table 6: Habitat 3 - Total Individuals Collected
|
|
Total Number of Individuals of each Bait |
|
|
|
Morphotype |
Sugar |
Tuna |
Total Number of Individuals |
|
A |
0 |
733 |
733 |
|
B |
4 |
67 |
71 |
|
C |
0 |
30 |
30 |
|
D |
2 |
8 |
10 |
|
E |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
All Morphotypes and Baits |
844 |
||
Table 7: Habitat 4 - Total Individuals Collected
|
|
Total Number of Individuals of each Bait |
|
|
|
Morphotype |
Sugar |
Tuna |
Total Number of Individuals |
|
A |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
B |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
C |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
D |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
E |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
All Morphotypes and Baits |
0 |
||
Table 8: Community Diversity for All Habitats using Three Indices
|
Habitat |
Species Richness |
Shannon-Wiener Index |
Simpson Index |
|
1 |
4 |
1.23 |
0.669 |
|
2 |
5 |
0.811 |
0.333 |
|
3 |
4 |
0.502 |
0.237 |
|
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Table 9: Total Individuals per Bait Type
|
|
Total Number of Individuals |
|
|
Morphotype |
Sugar |
Tuna |
|
A |
4 |
884 |
|
B |
10 |
103 |
|
C |
4 |
40 |
|
D |
4 |
27 |
|
E |
1 |
0 |
|
All Morphotypes |
23 |
1054 |
Table 10: Niche Diversity for Sugar and Tuna Bait Types
|
Niche |
Species Richness |
Shannon-Wiener |
Simpson |
|
Sugar Bait Type |
5 |
1.41 |
0.718 |
|
Tuna Bait Type |
4 |
0.593 |
0.285 |
