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Discovery of regenerating natural cellulosic polymer in the form of filaments remains a landmark in the evolution of modern day textiles. Further, the knowledge of synthesizing certain polymers in the laboratory, which could be extruded in the form of filaments, revolutionized the textile industry. Thus man-made fibres industry, a new branch of textiles, started developing very fast. Before these developments, technology was mainly used to convert natural fibres such as cotton, wool, silk and some quantities of plant fibres into fabrics and garments. 
Since cotton and plant fibres are grown on land as crop, and wool and silk are animal fibres, there is limitation of quantitative growth of these fibres to meet the ever-growing population of the globe. The man-made fibres are produced in the factories, in much smaller areas for equitable quantum, which lower considerable pressure on the land. The acquitted land resources have been gainfully utilized to meet the food requirement of the exploding world population.
However, natural fibres have their merit and their production has to be sustained for ecological advantages and for future generation. Therefore, simultaneously, scientific principles are being employed for increasing the yield of cotton per hectare and improving the quality of cotton fibre. Scientific researches are also going on at various organisations in the world to improve the yield and quality of wool and silk fibres.
Now an interesting competition amongst the protagonist of natural fibres and that of man-made fibres has emerged. Successful efforts have been made to impart most of the favourable properties of natural fibres to man-made fibres and vice-versa. Since each class of fibres have its own overriding functional, aesthetic and economical merits for utmost interest to the consumer, manufacturers want to harness advantages of both of the world.