Section I:
"International
Migration"
Theories &
Reports
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Wall chart International Migration 2002 United Nations
New York, 28 October 2002-- With around 175 million people currently residing in a
country other than where they were born, the number of migrants in the world has
more than doubled since 1975, with most living in Europe (56 million), Asia (50
million), and Northern America (41 million), according to findings from the wall chart
International Migration 2002, issued by the United Nations Population Division.
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"Why do people move"? Theories.....*
Macro theory :
Geographic differences in the
supply and demand for labor in
origin and destination countries as
the major factors driving individual
migration decisions.
Push/Pull Factors:
Push factors can include
pressures that build up within the
labor market of the sending
country such as high under and
unemployment rates, poor pay
and benefits, few professional
and/or well-paid career track
professions or other similar
factors.
Micro theory:
Focuses on the level of
individual rational actors who
make decisions to migrate
based upon a cost-benefit
calculation that indicates a
positive net return to movement.
World systems theory:
Focuses not on labor markets in
national economies, but on the
structure of the world market --
notably the "penetration of
capitalist economic relations into
peripheral, non capitalist
societies,
Dual labor market theory :
Holds that demand for low-level
workers in more developed
economies is the critical factor
shaping international migration
The new economics of
migration :
Views migration as a family (i.e.,
group) strategy to diversify
sources of income, minimize
risks to the household, and
overcome barriers to credit and
capital.