Summary

In this chapter, an overview of the most popular video coding techniques and their applications to standards was presented. Techniques that achieve compression by exploiting the spatial, temporal, statistical and subjective redundancy inherent in video sequences have been developed in the recent years.

Of these, one of the most effective, widely tested and mature is motion compensated DCT video coding, which is applied in most of the described standards, tabulated in Table 2.2. These include the communications-oriented ITU standards, H.261 for ISDN transmission, and H.263 for video delivery over PSTN or mobile networks. ISO MPEG standards are more influenced by the broadcasting, signal processing and computing industries, but with the rapid expansion of the Internet, more communications aspects are inserted to them, as MPEG4 shows.

 

Table 2.2: Video coding standards at a glance.

Organisation-Standard	Bit rate	Intended network platform
ITU-H.261	64k-2 Mbps	ISDN
ITU-H.263	14.4k-56 kbbs	PSTN, IP-based, mobile
ISO-MPEG1	Up to 1.5 Mbps	Offline storage
ISO-MPEG2	2M-15M Mbps	Digital Broadcast TV
ISO-MPEG4	8k-35 kbps	Interactive multimedia, mobile

 

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