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Experimental Factory No. 2 / OKB-1 / Kuibyschew ( German Engine Design Office near Kazan ) |
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The second experimental plant in Russia was the Experimental Factory No. 2 at a small town named Uprawlentscheski near the city of Kuibyschew at the River Volga in the Kazan aera. During WWII here the Kirow Aircraft Facility No. 145 was located. During 1946 this facility was restorated and a lot of new laboratories and production halls were erected. In November 1946 the engine staff of Dessau's OKB-1 arrived here. The facilities at Kuibyschew were fully concentrated on the engine developement and equipment was transfered from the Otto Mader Werke and the Junkers Motorenwerke at Dessau. The builtup of this factory took until 1949. Klimow was appointed as the general manager. Three OKBs were installed at Kuibyschew. The OKB-1 was headed by Brandner and most of the 350 former Junkers employees were integrated here. The OKB-2 was set up with former BMW people under the management of Prestel. Initial works at Kuibyschew were:
The further developement of the Jumo 004 was transfered to the Factory No. 26 in 1947. The BMW 003 developement was transfered to Factory No. 16 in Kazan, where it was further developed to the RD-20 for the Mig 9. Also the 032 compressor engine developement was already stopped at the end of 1947. More successfull work was performed on the Jumo 012 developement. Two engines were already tested in Dessau and transported to Russia in September 1946. A lot of improvements were added at Kuibyschew, but in 1948 the WK-1 engine of Klimow was finished at Leningrad and that Russian engine was more compact at the same performance as the Jumo 012. Therefore the programme was stopped in 1948. Since 1948 the three OKBs were reduced to two and the OKB-1 continued the Jumo 022 developement. In 1949 the Experimental Plant got a new management headed by Kusnezow. He further improved the 022 design, which performed its first test run at Kuibyschew in 1950 and was by then designated TW-2. When the 022 developement was finished in 1950, half of the 610 staff members were allowed to return to Germany. The remaining staff of Kuibyschew was asked to develope a PTL engine of 12000hpr for the strategic Tu95 bomber since 1950. The socalled 2TW-2F engine was a coupled TW-2 design and this engine finished its test phase in November 1952. A Tu95 crash was caused by the new engine and therefore further improvements were necessary in 1953, leading to the TW-12 or NK-12 engine. In late 1953 the last Germans left Kuibyschew for Germany. Kusnezow continued further developements on the NK-12 with a Russian develope team at Kuibyschew. Factory No. 500 at Tuschino Another facility with German Junkers employees was the Factory 500 at the city of Tuschino near Moscow. This facility was specialized on Diesel engines. The group was also transfered from Dessau to Tuschino on 22nd October 1946. It was headed by Manfred Gerlach. Initial work was focused on the improvement of the Jumo 224. A total of 45 engineers were busy at Tuschino. But as the Russian staff at Tuschino was working on an own Diesel engine design, the M-224 as it was called by now, was cancelled. In 1950 all German staff at Tuschino were transfered to Experimental Plant No. 2 at Kuibyschew. Factory No. 16 at Kazan The Factory No. 16 had a few German members. The facility was built up by equipment from the BMW facility in Basdorf. The BMW 003C developement was taken over from the Experimental Plant No. 2 in 1947. However, it is not known, when this developement was finished and when the German staff was tansfered to Kuibyschew. Factory No. 26 at Ufa Probably Factory No. 26 had also some German design people. This factory was built up with equipment from the Nordwerke at Nordhausen and the Junkers Motorenwerke at Koethen. It took over the developement of the Jumo 004 from Experimental Plant No. 2, but it might be, that the staff at Factory No. 26 was completely Russian.
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