11. In the 3rd person singular and plural of the presente do indicativo, verbs ver and ler have special accents.

ele vê  (he sees)

eles vêem  (they see)

ele lê  (he reads)

eles lêem  (they read)

12. Verbs ter and vir  take a circumflex accent in the 3rd person plural of the presente do indicativo.

Compare:

ele tem  (he has)

eles têm  (they have)

ele vem  (he comes)

eles vêm  (they come)

13. Compounds of verbs ter and vir take an acute accent in the 3rd person singular and an circumflex accent in the 3rd person plural of the presente do indicativo.

eles contêm (they contain)

ele provém (it results)

eles provêm (they result)

14. The cedilha can only be placed below consonant c before a, o and u, and it indicates that c must be pronounced as the s in sin.

Pronunciation  Tips

c + e = pronounced as in send or set

c + i = pronounced as in seam

c + a = pronounced as in car

c + o = pronounced as in coal

c + u = pronounced as in coor

ç + a = pronounced as in salt

ç + a = pronounced as in sun

ç + o = pronounced as in soar

word-final ç + o = pronounced as

 in sewer

ç + u = pronounced as in sooth

Iracema (proper name)

cedro (cedar)

cimento (cement)

pica-pau (woodpecker)

recordação (recall,memory)

recorde (record)

recurso (resource)

içá (female sauba ant)

cação (dogfish)

inchaço (swelling)

açude (weir)

15. The til indicates that vowels a and o are nasalized.

cãibra (cramp)

romã (pomegranate)

põe (3rd person singular, present indicative, verb pôr - to put)

lições (lessons)

16. The apóstrofo indicates the omission of a vowel; it's not very common in Portuguese, so always consult a good dictionary.

copo d'água (glass full of water)