Brazilian Portuguese Grammar
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Abundant participles Particípios abundantes |
Some verbs in Portuguese have two forms for the past participle: a regular participle (particípio regular) and an irregular participle (particípio irregular). These verbs are said to have particípios abundantes.
Rules
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Use regular participles after the auxiliary verbs ter or haver in compound tenses (tempos compostos);
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Use irregular participles after the auxiliary verbs ser or estar in the passive voice (voz passiva).
Inflection of irregular participles
Irregular participles must agree in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) with the subject, e.g.:
| O livro foi impresso no Reino Unido. | The book was printed in the United Kingdom. |
| Os livros foram impressos no Reino Unido. | The books were printed in the United Kindgom. |
| A carta foi impressa no Reino Unido. | The letter was printed in the United Kingdom. |
| As cartas foram impressas no Reino Unido. | The letters were printed in the United Kingdom. |
| List of common verbs with abundant participles | |||
| Infinitive | Basic meaning | Regular participle | Irregular participle |
| aceitar | to accept | aceitado | aceito |
| acender | to light (up) | acendido | aceso |
| eleger | to elect | elegido | eleito |
| entregar | to deliver | entregado | entregue |
| expulsar | to expel | expulsado | expulso |
| ganhar | to win / to earn | not used | ganho |
| gastar | to spend | not used | gasto |
| imprimir | to print (out) | imprimido | impresso |
| limpar | to clean | limpado | limpo |
| ocultado | to hide | ocultado | oculto |
| pagar | to pay | not used | pago |
| pegar | to catch | pegado | pego |
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