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Punjab University

Apple:

Apples contain dietary fiber in their skins and core. About 10% of an apple is made up of carbohydrate and 4% of an apple is made up from a variety of vitamins and minerals. The rest of the apple, more than 80%, is water. A medium-sized eating apple contains about 40 calories; one Kilogram (2.2 lb) of fresh apples provides approximately 2100kJ (500 kcal) of energy. Excluding the peel and core of apples from the diet halves the amount of vitamin C and dietary fiber consumed but makes very little difference to the sugar intake. Red crunchy apples are grown in naturally controlled temperature, cultivating a most fragrant aroma and sweetest flavor that would be a delight to any of taste buds. Apple is a mountainous region fruit often described as "living plant organ" when on the tree and continues its life even after harvest. Apples belong to the rose family.

Apricot

It is a small tree, 8-12 m tall, with a trunk up to 40 cm diameter and a dense, spreading canopy. The leaves are ovate, 5-9 cm long and 4-8 cm wide, with a rounded base, a pointed tip and a finely serrated margin. The flowers are 2-4.5 cm diameter, with five white to pinkish petals; they are produced singly or in pairs in early spring before the leaves. The fruit is a drupe similar to a small peach, 1.5-2.5 cm diameter (larger in some modern cultivars), from yellow to orange, often tinged red on the side most exposed to the sun; its surface is usually pubescent. The single seed is enclosed in a hard stony shell, often called a "stone", with a grainy, smooth texture except for three ridges running down one side.

Mandarin

Kinnow is a member of Citrus family. It was developed from a lengthy hyberidization process, through the cross-breeding of two other varieties 'King' and 'Will Leaf'. It is indigenous product from Pakistan. The finest of all the citrus fruits regard this fruit rich in flavor with exquisite taste. It is easy to peel, the rind containing numerous oil glands, comes off easily with bare hands since it is loosely bound compared to other type of citrus fruits. Therefore kinnow can be just peeled off and enjoyed anywhere, anytime.

Pakistan as a nation produces about 12% and stands among the top ten citrus growing countries in the world. These fruits are grown nearly in all the four provinces in varying proportions. The popular varieties grown in Punjab include oranges, Red Blood, Mausami, Ruby Red , Jaffa , Fruiter, Malta, limes and lemons. Approximately about 60 per cent of total citrus production is comprised of mandarin being popularly know as 'Kinnow'. Quality wise, 'Kinnow' is the most important variety. It is relished both domestically and internationally for its flavour. It is golden in colour and has a thin loose skin. This variety has been obtained through the cross-breeding of two other varieties 'King' and 'Will Leaf'

Banana

Bananas are among the most widely consumed foods in the world. Banana comes in a variety of sizes and colors when ripe, including yellow, purple and red. Bananas is eaten raw. The flesh varies in taste from starchy to sweet, and texture from firm to mushy.

Export bananas are picked green, and then usually ripened in ripening rooms when they arrive in their country of destination and may show up at the retail market still fully green. Bananas are carefully handled, transported quickly to the seaboard, cooled and shipped under sophisticated refrigeration.

Grapes

Grapes grow in clusters of 6 to 300, and are crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green and pink. "White" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the red grape. Dried grapes are referred to as 'raisins' or the local equivalent. Grapes can be eaten raw or used for making jam, juice, jelly, vinegar, wine, grape seed extracts, raisins, and grape seed oil.

Sweet and juicy, the Indian seedless Grapes are a favorite of many all over the world. A variety of grapes are cultivated in India, each having its own unique taste and flavor. Devoid of any artificial fertilizers and colors, they are grown naturally in the right climate and ripened to perfection before being consumed.

Lychee

It is a fragranced fruit with a sweet taste. The fruit is a drupe, 3�4 cm long and 3 cm in diameter. The outside is covered by a pink-red, roughly-textured rind that is inedible but easily removed. They are eaten in many different dessert dishes. The inside consists of a layer of sweet, translucent white flesh, rich in vitamin C, with a texture somewhat similar to that of a grape only much less moist. The edible flesh consists of a highly developed aril enveloping the seed.

Guava

Guava fruit, usually 4 to 12 cm long, are round or oval depending on the species. The outer skin may be rough, often with a bitter taste, or soft and sweet. Varying between species, the skin can be any thickness, is usually green before maturity, but becomes yellow, maroon, or green when ripe. Guava fruit generally have a pronounced and typical fragrance, similar to lemon rind but less sharp. Guava pulp may be sweet or sour, off-white to deep pink, with the seeds in the central pulp of variable number and hardness, again depending on species. In Asia, fresh raw guava is often dipped in preserved prune powder or salt. Because of the skin's high level of pectin, boiled guava is also extensively used to make candies, preserves, jellies, jams, marmalades (goiabada), and also for juices and aguas frescas.

Peach

he fruit has yellow or whitish flesh, a delicate aroma, and a skin that is either velvety (peaches) or smooth (nectarines) in different cultivars. The flesh is very delicate and easily bruised in some cultivars, but is fairly firm in some commercial varieties, especially when green. The single, large seed is red-brown, oval shaped, approximately 1.3�2 cm long, and is surrounded by a wood-like husk. A medium peach (75g), has 30 Cal, 7g of carbohydrate (6g sugars and 1g fiber), 1g of protein, 140 mg of potassium, and 8% of the daily value (DV) for vitamin C.

Mango

Pakistan produces a variety of mangoes each with distinct flavor and taste. This king of fruits is grown in Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan. Mango is the undisputed most popular fruit amongst millions of people in the orient particularly in the Pakistan Sub-continent where it is considered to be the King of Fruits. In fact, there is no exaggeration in claiming that mango, because of its excellent flavor, attractive fragrance, beautiful shades of colors, delicious taste and healthful value, is now recognized as one of the best fruits in the world market.

The delicious and juicy mango has long been one of the world's most popular fruits. The fruit's flavor is often described as an exotic mix of pineapple and peach. Mangoes are available from April to September, June and July usually offer the best produce. The tree is related to the pistachio and cashew and grows to an average of 50 feet in height. Each tree produces about 100 mangoes. If you haven't tried a fresh mango, you're in for a treat!

Pomegranates

Pomegranate is widely cultivated in Pakistan and is one of the most in demand fruit in the world. As brilliant as rubies, and rich with flavor, Pomegranate are native from Iran to the Himalayas in Northern Pakistan and was cultivated and naturalized over the whole Mediterranean region since ancient times. It is rich in color and taste left an indelible mark on many a palate. Natural cultivation of this fruit ensures an original taste.

Pomegranate is rich in Phosphorous and has high vitamin C content. They also help blood circulation.

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