WHAT THEY NOW CALL "DUAL MODE MAGLEV"

--- --THIS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR PEOPLE OR FREIGHT SYNCHRONIZING MOVEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL VEHICLES THAT WAS SUBMITTED TO U.S.DOT IN WASHINGTON IN THE 1960's IS EXACTLY THAT. PART OF THE ORIGINAL TEXT PAGES 1 TO 7 HAVE EACH BEEN RETYPED PRIOR TOEACH OF THE ORIGINAL ONES BELOW TO MAKE IT MORE LEGIBLE. ------ PAGE 1-------- This synchronized system is based upon the principles that people are increasingly determined to be flexible in their movements in and around our urban centers; to come and go when they please, independant of schedules;and to seek the privacy, cleanliness, comfort and convenience that, so far, only the automobile has offered. Also,people want to have effective door-to-door transportation, and they wish to retain private ownership of their vehicle so that it can contain personal conveniences. In this system the main flow of traffic is provided by propelling and controlling the vehicles so as to move them in a synchronized pattern while permitting any vehicle to seperate from the synchronized pattern to become self proppelled at any desired station. The method has the capability of going beyond urban, local or mass transportation and can be integrated as a national or even international network in which each vehicle is controlled and propelled by the system to give safety and efficiency. The travelling time for the driver can be used for other purposes and the system eliminates the road hazards to high speed travel such as occasioned by bad weather, damage to the road, or unexpected obstructions. There is the flexibility....Continued on page 2(The above was retyped from below)

---Page 2--- to ship freight in container vehicles which can enter the synchronized flow at any time there is capacity available. In this synchronized system the vehicles are propelled along a main line uniformly seperated with each one held in its own assigned space. This is distinctly different from earlier types of systems which have proposed that the individual cars should become coupled together to form an interconnected train.When the vehicles are moving along the main line past a station they travel at moderate speed and each has an assigned space of a moderate length, for example 30 M.P.H. and a 60 foot space. Along the stretches of the main line the vehicles are progressively accelerated and their assigned space proportionately increases. For example at 60 M.P.H. the assigned space becomes 120 feet long and at 300 M.P.H. it is 600 feet long. The particular spacing which is used and the top speed limit can be change as experience in use of the system is gained and as the control equipment is improved, and so these figures are only given as examples.In this manner a known number of vehicles pas any given point along the line per unit time, regardless of whether the vehicles are travelling fast or slow.A computer controller operates the overall system and regulates the application of power to each vehicle to maintain the synchronism. Because the movement of....Continued on page 3.(The above was retyped from below)

---Page 3--- each vehicle is exactly controlled and all of the environmental conditions are known, that is, road hazards, human error,visibility conditions, and so forth are known; the overall safety of the system is inherently improved as compared with travel today. As shown in Figure 1, the privately owned vehicles V are driven in the manner of an automobile for local traffic flow. When a driver wishes to enter the network he approaches an entrance station and steers onto one of the entrance ramps E which are located at convenient points along theline L. As the vehicles moves up the entrance ramp, the driver automatically loses control over it, and the engine is turned off. The car is automatically inspected The doors and windows are closed and locked. If it is not in satisfactory condition, it is shunted onto a reject ramp R leading back to the street. Each vehicle carries a distinctive registration plate and mechanism for indicating where the driver wants to go. After passing inspection, the vehicle is automatically registered and its destination computed. The charge for the trip is also computed so that at the end of the month a bill for mileageuse of the system can be sent to the user. The car is then moved onto a waiting ramp Y and at this time a sensing devise signals when there is an available space approaching in the traffic moving along the main line.The...Continued on page 4(The above was retyped from below)

---Page 4 --- car will then be accelerated along an acceleration path A so as to bring its speed up to local line speed while at the same time synchronizing its position relative to the first available space S which is approaching. It is then converged with and inserted into the line in its assigned space. All the cars travelling along the line L are propelled in synchronism in a manner as explained below, and after they have passed by the end of the accelerating ramp, they are progressively speeded up while the length of their assigned spaces is increased. The maximum speed which is reached increases with the distance to the next station on the line. Figure 2 illustrates an intercity section of the main line with the vehicles travelling at a high rate of speed. In Figure 3 is shown an exit station at which any of the cars leave the system which have selected this as their destination. As the cars near this exit station their speed is progressively slowed and their spacing is decreased.the drivers of thosecars which will be exiting are alerted to be ready and each acknowledges the alert and starts his engine.These cars are switched onto a departure ramp D and passthrough a registration and computing zone. They seperate from the system on an outgoing ramp O along which they are decelerated and their wheel contact with the road so that the vehicle is....Continued on page 5.(The above was retyped from below)

---Page 5--- self propelled under the driver's control. If the driver fails to acknowledge the alert signalor the engine will not start, then the car is directed into an emergency ramp which includes an attendant and facilities to handle the problem involved. Those cars which are continuing along the main line may be reaccelerated to anydesired line speed, and the unoccupied spaces are available for entry of other vehicles at the next entrance station which may be located closely following the exit station, depending upon the desired geographic location. as shown in Figure 4, the freight vehicles' entry into and exit from the system are handled in a manner similar to passenger cars, except that no emergency ramp is required. Thr freight vehicles are seperated into different tracks in a storage yard depending upon their ultimate local destination. Figures 5 and 6 illustrate elevational and plan views of the pair of elevated tubes through which the vehicles are propelled to protect them from interference by weather conditions or other hazards of high speed travel. These tubes are supported by suspension cables from towers spaced approximately 100 feet apart along the line. The supporting system includes suitable expansion joints and diagonal bracing to resist lateral forces imposed by wind. There are emergency exits at spaced points along the two lines which are opened in the event of a....Continued on page 6. (The above was retyped from below)

--- Page 6 --- power failure, permitting the cars to be driven down ramps to an adjacent highway. In Figure 7 is shown an enlarged view of the tower structure and the two tube lines of traffic. The cars are propelled and controlled electrically by magnetic fields from a pair of tracks T which are spaced so as to allow the regular wheels of the car to extend down freely between the rails. A third track extends above the car to maintain it properly positioned with respect to the lower ones. Because the cars are propelled by the system, rather than utilizing their own wheels, any problems about poor tires or engine fumes are eliminated. The cars themselves may have various lengths and personalized interior layouts as indicated Figures 8 - 11, the only limitation on car design are that they must fit within the three tracks and must include the magnetic pads which cooperate with these tracks. The tracks include magnetizable coils therein at spaced intervals which are electrically connected to energizing sources which are controlled to produce the desired motion of the vehicle. Those coils are energized as the magnetic pads on the vehicle are passing over the coils, thus providing a repelling force to keep the vehicle spaced slightly above the tracks while propelling the vehicle ahead. ..Continued on page 7.(The above was retyped from below)

--- Page 7 --- Thus each car in turn receives a supporting and propelling impulse as it passes over the respective coils in the tracks. In the event of a power failure, the vehicle settles down upon the track so as to slide to a stop, and it can then be driven to one of the emergency exit ramps as seed in Figure 5. For reducing air friction losses, the air within the tubes is allowed to move at a velocity approaching that of the vehicles. This is accomplished as shown in Figure 12 by admitting air through air supply ducts D1 in regions of the line where the vehicle are accelerating. The air is drawn into the enlarging spaces between the accelerating cars, and it flows through the tube at a speed of approximately 80% of the car speed. In regions where the vehicles are decelerating there are air discharges ducts D2 (Figure 13) which allow the momentum of the fast moving air to dissipate itself without opposing the slowing down of the vehicles. In summary, this system accomodates individually owned cars and provides for door-to-door transpotation. The position of each car is controlled so that it moves in synchronism with the others while retainig the ability to exit at any desired pre-selected exit station. Provisions may be included in the system for the driver to change his selected destination for another one, at the time when he is alerted by signal that the original destination is being approached. ---- END OF TEXT ABOVE---- Submitted and presently on file in U.S.Patent Office. Images and sketches also included for public reviewing. (The above was retyped from below)

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