The
exposure to stress with some children has been so significant that they stand
outside of any category of severity. These children give trauma a new
definition. Most are or have been in foster care, have had repeated life or
death experiences, have had several changes in caregivers, all have suffered
from some form of emotional, sexual, or physical abuse, and generally they
have never been successfully treated. The most popular term for these children
is Attachment Disorder, however, most have received every diagnosis available
for severe emotional and behavioral disturbances ranging from
attention-deficit hyperactivity to bi-polar and depression.
Children with reactive attachment disorder see the world differently
than we do. For these children, life is a constant threat. Such threats
can be interpreted through all manner of sensory stimulation. In other words,
a sight, sound, smell, taste, or elevation in body temperature can trigger
such children into an overwhelming fear state. Because they were unable to
develop the necessary ability to calm this fear early in life, they may become
violently reactive in this state.
It
is of little consequence that a new home may provide love, security, and
nurturance when such children become frightened. This frightening event is
often times not observed by the parent because the brains of such children are
hypersensitive and highly reactive. It can and generally does occur within a
millisecond and may build up throughout the course of a day, week, or month,
presenting as a violent and long-lasting outburst, or period of complete
disconnection and dissociation. Even children who have been adopted into a
home at a very young age may have already experienced significant enough
trauma to impact development and stress response. Biological children who
suffer a separation from their primary caregiver due to illness, etc. can be
equally impacted if the event is traumatic or overly stressful.
Signs
and Symptoms of R.A.D