Monarchy and History

The following chart from the late 1700s shows the impact that European monarchies have had on world history.

1770 1770 James Cook took formal possession of Australia for Britain, Geo III's gain US Declaration of Independence from Britain 1776, Geo III's loss French Revolution 1789 French monarchy abolished

1800 Napoleonic Wars, Europe ravaged Napoleon's General Bernadotte created King of Sweden - and the daughter of his wife, Josephine, m. Bernadotte's son Oscar Joseph Bonaparte created king of Spain, Ferdinand VII restored 1813 Greek War of Independence from Ottoman Empire 1829

1830 Belgian monarchy created 1831 for Leopold of Saxe Coburg Saalfield

1860 Greek monarchy created for William of Denmark 1863 German Unification under Prussia, 1871, abolishing all other German monarchies Italian unification under Victor Emmanuel II 1871 First Spanish Republic 1873 failed, Alfonso XII became king 1874 Bulgarians revolted against Ottoman rule 1876, Alexander of Battenberg created king 1879-1886, then Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 1887 Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, created King Carol I of Romania in 1881

1890 Spanish-American War 1898, Spain lost New World colonies Charles of Denmark created Haakon VII of independent Norway 1905 WWI 1914-18 Austian-Hungarian Empire abolished Russian Revolution 1917 Russian monarchy abolished Ferdinand abdicated 1918 to Boris III of Bulgaria

1920 Alexander I, son of Peter Karageorgovich, created king of new Yugoslavia in 1929 Second Spanish Republic 1931–1939 and Civil War Edward VIII abdicated 1936 to marry Mrs Simpson, Nazi rumors WWII 1939-45 Prussian monarchy abolished Yugoslav monarchy abolished 1944 Bulgarian monarchy abolished 1946 Umberto II of Italy forced to abdicate by republican referendum 1946 Romanian monarchy abolished 1947

1950 Leopold III of Belgium abdicated 1951, Nazi rumors Q Elizabeth II 1952

1970 Greek-Danish monarchy abolished 1973 Spanish monarchy restored 1978

2000 What does the future hold for monarchy?